{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:19:43Z","timestamp":1762543183014,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]],"date-time":"2020-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004396","name":"Thailand Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSA6180033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSA6180033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present study was to elucidate the pharmacokinetic profiles of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMX) in Siamese freshwater crocodiles (<jats:italic>Crocodylus siamensis<\/jats:italic>). Crocodiles were administered a single intramuscular injection of AMX, at a dose of either 5 or 10\u00a0mg\/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at preassigned times up to 120\u00a0hr. The plasma concentrations of AMX were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem\u2010mass spectrometry method. AMX plasma concentrations were quantifiable for up to 72\u00a0hr (5\u00a0mg\/kg b.w.) and 96\u00a0hr (10\u00a0mg\/kg b.w.). The elimination half\u2010life (t<jats:sub>1\/2\u03bb<\/jats:sub><jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>) of AMX following dosing at 5\u00a0mg\/kg b.w. (8.72\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.61\u00a0hr) was almost identical to that following administration at 10\u00a0mg\/kg b.w (8.98\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.13\u00a0hr). The maximum concentration and area under the curve from zero to the last values of AMX increased in a dose\u2010dependent fashion. The average binding percentage of AMX to plasma protein was 21.24%. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, susceptibility break point, and the surrogate PK\u2010PD index (T\u00a0&gt;\u00a0MIC, 0.25 \u03bcg\/ml), intramuscular administration of AMX at dose of 5\u00a0mg\/kg b.w. every 4\u00a0days might be appropriate for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in freshwater crocodiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]],"date-time":"2020-02-29T10:20:08Z","timestamp":1582971608000},"page":"307-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pharmacokinetic profiles of amoxicillin trihydrate in freshwater crocodiles (<i>Crocodylus siamensis<\/i>) after intramuscular administration at two doses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5249-903X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saranya","family":"Poapolathep","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3657-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa San Piero a Grado Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narumol","family":"Klangkaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Napasorn","family":"Phaochoosak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narongsak","family":"Chaiyabutr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Wongwaipairoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wongveerakit Crocodile Farm Bo Phloi, Kanchanaburi Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5322-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amnart","family":"Poapolathep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.1998.00107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459608419154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/3293-VETMED"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1995.tb00566.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2007.00829.x"},{"volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals","year":"2008","author":"Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI)","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Antibiotics in laboratory medicine","author":"Craig A. 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