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A three\u2010phase design and 4\u2010week washout period were used. Drug concentrations in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were determined by ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic parameters calculated using noncompartmental analysis. Following SC and IM administration, all horses exhibited sweating, discomfort, and periods of recumbency. As signs were more severe after SC administration this route was only used in 3\/6 horses. Intravenous administration of tulathromycin was well tolerated in all horses. Mean bioavailability was 99.4% IM and 115% SC. Mean maximum plasma concentration was 645\u00a0ng\/ml IM and 373\u00a0ng\/ml SC. Mean half\u2010life was 59.8\u00a0h, 54.8\u00a0h, and 57.9\u00a0h for IV, IM, and SC administration, respectively. Mean clearance was 3.25\u00a0ml\/kg\/min, and mean volume of distribution was 16.8\u00a0L\/kg following IV administration. Drug was detectable in plasma and BAL samples for 120\u00a0h following all routes; however, adverse effects may prevent IM use and SC use is not recommended. Tulathromycin may be a practical and affordable antimicrobial for use in adult equine patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T04:44:46Z","timestamp":1615783486000},"page":"714-723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and pulmonary distribution of Draxxin<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>(tulathromycin) in healthy adult horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Hannah R.","family":"Leventhal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harold C.","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krista","family":"Estell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Leesburg VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"McAlister","family":"Council\u2010Troche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7930-4589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102885.2011.01292.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196\u20104399(83)80065\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.7.1035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102885.2007.00909.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Rapid and prolonged distribution of Tulathromycin into lung homogenate and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid of Holstein calves following a single subcutaneous administration of 2.5 mg\/kg body weight","volume":"8","author":"Cox S. 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