{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T07:30:31Z","timestamp":1778743831058,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Furosemide, a loop diuretic drug, is recommended for use in cases of edema, ascites, congestive heart failure, toxicosis, and acute renal failure in goats. However, its pharmacokinetics and bioavailability have not been reported yet in this species. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of furosemide in goats following intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC) administrations at a dose of 2.5\u00a0mg\/kg. Six clinically healthy goats received furosemide by each route in a three\u2010way crossover pharmacokinetic design with a 15\u2010day washout period between administrations. The plasma concentrations of furosemide were determined using the high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010UV method and analyzed by non\u2010compartmental analysis. The elimination half\u2010life following IV, IM, and SC administration was 0.71 (0.67\u20130.76)\u00a0h, 0.69 (0.61\u20130.74)\u00a0h, and 0.70 (0.67\u20130.79)\u00a0h, respectively. The volume of distribution at steady state and total clearance for the IV route were 0.17 (0.16\u20130.19)\u00a0L\/kg and 0.30 (0.27\u20130.33)\u00a0L\/h\/kg, respectively. The peak plasma concentrations of furosemide following IM and SC administrations were 11.19 (10.33\u201311.95) and 6.49 (5.92\u20137.00)\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml at 0.23 (0.16\u20130.25) and 0.39 (0.33\u20130.42)\u00a0h, respectively. The bioavailability was 109.84 (104.92\u2013116.99)% and 70.80 (55.77\u201386.67)% for the IM and SC routes, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of furosemide following the IV, IM, and SC administrations in goats demonstrated significant differences, which may have clinical and toxicological implications requiring further investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T11:39:43Z","timestamp":1629805183000},"page":"961-966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of furosemide in goats following intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous administrations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9408-0042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gul","family":"Cetin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Erzincan Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Erzincan Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3168-2510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orhan","family":"Corum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Kastamonu Kastamonu Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1567-991X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duygu","family":"Durna Corum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Kastamonu Kastamonu Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2411-7492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orkun","family":"Atik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Afyon Kocatepe Afyonkarahisar Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1735-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erdinc","family":"Turk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal Hatay Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6845-2279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim Ozan","family":"Tekeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal Hatay Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8674-4873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Uney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Selcuk Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034\u20105288(98)90118\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Veterinary anesthesia drug quick reference","author":"Blaze C.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20102995.2009.00488.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552\u20104604.1981.tb05674.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-5246-0.00010-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"CVMP(1999).Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products: Furosemide Summary Report. EMEA\/MRL\/644\/99\u2010FINAL. Retrieved from:https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/mrl\u2010report\/furosemide\u2010summary\u2010report\u2010committee\u2010veterinary\u2010medicinal\u2010products_en.pdf. (accessed 15 October 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102885.1996.tb00033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"EMA. (2011).Guideline on bioanalytical method validation. Committee for medicinal products for human use (CHMP) European medicines agency (EMA). 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