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Fourteen adult sheep were allotted into two equal groups and premedicated with either vatinoxan (750\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg IV) or saline and sedated 10\u00a0min later with xylazine (500\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg IV). Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) was measured and respiratory rate (RR) counted at intervals. The sheep were euthanized with IV pentobarbital 10\u00a0min after xylazine administration. The severity of pulmonary parenchymal alterations was assessed and graded grossly and histologically and correlations of the morphological changes with SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>evaluated. Following xylazine injection, SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>was significantly higher and RR significantly lower with vatinoxan than with saline and the sheep administered vatinoxan exhibited significantly smaller quantities of tracheal foam than those receiving saline. No significant differences in macroscopic oedema scores were detected between treatments. In contrast, the vatinoxan\u2010treated animals exhibited significantly graver microscopic interstitial alveolar oedema and haemorrhage than saline\u2010treated animals. The histological severity scores did not correlate with changes in SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. In conclusion, xylazine induced a marked reduction in SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>which was abolished by the prior administration of vatinoxan. The histologically detected alterations after pentobarbital euthanasia with vatinoxan premedication need to be studied further.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T15:28:18Z","timestamp":1630682898000},"page":"117-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of vatinoxan on xylazine\u2010induced pulmonary alterations in sheep"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2473-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdy","family":"Adam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine Faculty of veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Pharmacology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni\u2010Suef University Beni Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9872-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jere","family":"Lind\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Bioscience Faculty of veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Finnish Centre for Laboratory Animal Pathology HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2653-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marja","family":"Raekallio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine Faculty of veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Meller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Centre Helsinki Institute of Life Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Mannerstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abu\u2010Shahba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Sepp\u00e4nen\u2010Kaijansinkko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kati","family":"Salla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine Faculty of veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12486"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.79.9.921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of xylazine in sheep","volume":"25","author":"Aziz M. 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