{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T13:45:23Z","timestamp":1782654323259,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study characterized the pharmacokinetics of butorphanol in cats anesthetized with isoflurane. Six young healthy male neutered cats were used. Cats were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen. Catheters were placed in a jugular vein for blood sampling and in a medial saphenous vein for butorphanol and lactated Ringer's solution administration. Butorphanol tartrate (1\u00a0mg\/kg over 5\u00a0min) was administered intravenously. Blood samples were collected prior to butorphanol administration and at various times up to 365\u00a0min following administration. Plasma butorphanol concentration was measured using liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry. Compartment models were fitted to the time\u2010concentration data using nonlinear mixed effect modeling. A three\u2010compartment model best fitted the data. Typical value (% interindividual variability) for the three volumes of distribution, the metabolic clearance, and the two distribution clearances were 230 (72), 1095 (not estimated), and 2596 (not estimated) ml\/kg, and 18.4 (72), 169.6 (52), and 55.0 (43), respectively. Pharmacokinetic simulation suggested that a loading dose (\u00b5g\/kg) calculated as 0.287\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0target plasma concentration in ng\/ml (C<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>) followed by intravenous infusions (\u00b5g\/kg\/min) of 0.098\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0C<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> for 20\u00a0min, 0.049\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0C<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> for 40\u00a0min, and 0.022\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0C<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> thereafter would rapidly achieve and maintain C<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010% for up to 6.5\u00a0h.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T06:59:00Z","timestamp":1632466740000},"page":"883-887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol in male neutered cats anesthetized with isoflurane"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0894-0991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno H.","family":"Pypendop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Shilo\u2010Benjamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Bioanalytical Method Validation Guidance for Industry","author":"Anonymous","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542\u2010200311000\u201000013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102885.2012.01385.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119421375.ch11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600690715"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.4.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2018.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.12.1548"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvp.13014","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvp.13014","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvp.13014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T18:01:39Z","timestamp":1692727299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvp.13014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvp.13014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvp.13014","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7783","1365-2885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7783","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}