{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T09:29:47Z","timestamp":1747301387495,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004539","name":"Kasetsart University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004539","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study evaluated the pharmacokinetic features of azithromycin (AZM) in 15 freshwater crocodiles (<jats:italic>Crocodylus siamensis<\/jats:italic>) in Thailand. The crocodiles were administered a single intramuscular (i.m.) injection of AZM at three different dosages of 2.5, 5, and 10\u00a0mg\/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at pre\u2010assigned times up to 168\u2009h. The plasma concentrations of AZM were measured using a validated liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry method. The plasma concentration of AZM were quantifiable for up to 168\u2009h after i.m. administration at the three different dosages. A non\u2010compartmental model was used to fit the plasma concentration of AZM versus the time curve for each crocodile. The elimination half\u2010life values of AZM were 33.70, 38.11, and 34.80\u2009h following i.m. injection after dosages of 2.5, 5, and 10\u00a0mg\/kg b.w., respectively. There were no significant differences among groups. The results indicated that the overall rate of elimination of AZM in freshwater crocodiles was relatively slow. The maximum concentration and area under the curve from zero to the last values of AZM increased in a dose\u2010dependent fashion. The average binding percentage of AZM to plasma protein was 48.66%. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, the susceptibility break\u2010point and the surrogate PK\u2010PD index (T\u2009&gt;\u00a0MIC), the intramuscular administration of AZM at a dose of 10\u00a0mg\/kg b.w. might be appropriate for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections (MIC\u00a0&lt;\u20094\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml) in freshwater crocodiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T15:09:17Z","timestamp":1655651357000},"page":"501-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pharmacokinetic characteristics of azithromycin in freshwater crocodiles (<i>Crocodylus siamensis<\/i>) after intramuscular administration at three different dosages"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Rattapong","family":"Sukkheewan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5322-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amnart","family":"Poapolathep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3657-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa  San Piero a Grado Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narumol","family":"Klangkaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Napasorn","family":"Phaochoosak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Wongwaipairoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wongveerakit Crocodile Farm  Kanjanaburi Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pareeya","family":"Udomkusonsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3207-0885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narongsak","family":"Chaiyabutr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5249-903X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saranya","family":"Poapolathep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-025X(2008)12:4(275)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01764"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/04106.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00e1rceles C. 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