{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T09:30:05Z","timestamp":1747301405603,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To date, the pharmacokinetics of fluoroquinolones in estuarine crocodiles (<jats:italic>Crocodylus porosus<\/jats:italic>) have been reported for enrofloxacin but not for marbofloxacin (MBF), which is a broad\u2010spectrum antibiotic used only in veterinary medicine. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of MBF after intramuscular administration at two difference dosages (2 and 4\u2009mg\/kg body weight) in estuarine crocodiles and estimated pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) surrogate parameters for the optimization of dosage regimens. Ten treated estuarine crocodiles were divided into two groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095) using a randomization procedure according to a parallel study design. Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 168\u2009h. MBF plasma samples were cleaned up using liquid\u2013liquid extraction and analyzed using a validated high\u2010performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection. A non\u2010compartment approach was used to fit the plasma concentration of MBF vs time curve for each crocodile. The plasma concentrations of MBF were quantifiable for up to 168\u2009h in both groups. The elimination half\u2010life values of MBF were long (33.99 and 39.28\u2009h for 2 and 4\u2009mg\/kg, respectively) with no significant differences between the groups. The average plasma protein binding of MBF was 30.85%. According to the surrogated PK\/PD parameter (AUC<jats:sub>0\u201324<\/jats:sub>\u2010to\u2010MIC ratio &gt;100\u2013125), the 2 and 4\u2009mg\/kg dosing rates should be effective for bacteria with MIC values lower than 0.125\u2009\u03bcg\/mL and 0.35\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T05:51:15Z","timestamp":1688017875000},"page":"48-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pharmacokinetic disposition of marbofloxacin after intramuscular administration in estuarine crocodiles (<i>Crocodylus porosus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Mona","family":"Yalong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5249-903X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saranya","family":"Poapolathep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3657-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kraisiri","family":"Khidkhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narumol","family":"Klangkaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Napasorn","family":"Phaochoosak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narongsak","family":"Chaiyabutr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Wongwaipairoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wongveerakit Crocodile Farm  Bho Ploi Kanchanaburi Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5322-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amnart","family":"Poapolathep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/04-102.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Antibiotics in laboratory medicine","author":"Craig A. 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