{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T05:48:32Z","timestamp":1768196912259,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alfaxalone is a commonly employed veterinary anaesthetic induction and sedation agent. A 4% w\/v preserved, aqueous formulation of alfaxalone \u2018RD0387\u2019 (A4%) has recently been developed. To evaluate the sedative effects of A4%, three doses, 5\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (A5); 7.5\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (A7.5) and 10\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (A10) were administered intramuscularly into the epaxial musculature of six healthy adult mixed\u2010breed dogs in an experimental, randomized, blinded, crossover study. Sedation time variables, quality of sedation (including onset of sedation and recovery), physiological variables, response to cephalic vein catheterization and frequency of undesirable events were recorded. Continuous variables were analysed between treatments (one\u2010way ANOVA or restricted maximum likelihood modelling) and within treatments compared with baseline (Tukey's test). Categorical data were analysed between treatments (Kruskal\u2010Wallis' test) and within treatments from baseline (Dunn's test). Significance was set at <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05. All dogs became sedated (laterally recumbent) and sedation onset was significantly faster in groups A7.5 (9.8\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3\u2009min) and A10 (9.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6\u2009min) compared to A5 (25.6\u2009\u00b1\u200916.1\u2009min) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.033, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.027, respectively). Duration of sedation was significantly longer in A10 (168.5\u2009\u00b1\u200970.6\u2009min) and A7.5 (143.8\u2009\u00b1\u200958\u2009min) compared to A5 (63.8\u2009\u00b1\u200928.2\u2009min) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.005 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003, respectively). Dogs in A10 had a superior quality of onset of sedation compared to A5 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.028). Sedation scores and quality of recovery from sedation were not significantly different between doses. Two dogs (2\/6) in A5 were insufficiently sedated for cephalic catheterization. Ataxia was the most frequently observed undesirable event with an overall frequency of 78% (14\/18) and 89% (16\/18) during sedation onset and recovery, respectively. Overall, A4% administered IM in dogs at 7.5 and 10\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> resulted in sufficient sedation for IV catheterization in dogs. To improve the speed and quality of the sedation, it is recommended that future research focuses on combining A4% with other sedative or analgesic drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T04:44:34Z","timestamp":1703738674000},"page":"157-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A dose characterization study evaluating the pharmacodynamics and safety of a concentrated alfaxalone solution (4%) as an intramuscular sedative in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4523-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting Michelle Angel Yvonne","family":"Hoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7542-3014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irving Tjiah Wern","family":"Kat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4314-383X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirby","family":"Pasloske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoetis Canada  Kirkland Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5504-9552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trisha","family":"Farry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy Anne","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2020.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.01080.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204553"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.727"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-018-1230-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2019.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2005.00264.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v86i1.1258"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"Goodwin W. 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