{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T09:39:59Z","timestamp":1774690799728,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,5]],"date-time":"2024-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009774","name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clonazepam causes sedation and psychomotor impairment in people. Due to similarities between people and swine in response to benzodiazepines, clonazepam may represent a viable option to produce mild\u2010to\u2010moderate tranquillization in pigs. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of a single oral dose (0.5\u2009mg\/kg) of clonazepam in eight healthy, growing commercial cross pigs. Serial plasma samples were collected at baseline and up to 96\u2009h after administration. Plasma concentrations were quantified using reverse\u2010phase high\u2010performance liquid chromatography, and compartment models were fit to time\u2013concentration data. A one\u2010compartment first\u2010order model best fits the data. Maximum plasma concentration was 99.5\u2009ng\/mL, and time to maximum concentration was 3.4\u2009h. Elimination half\u2010life was 7.3\u2009h, mean residence time 7.4\u2009h, and apparent volume of distribution 5.7\u2009L\/kg. Achieved plasma concentrations exceeded those associated with psychomotor impairment in people although pharmacodynamic effects have not been investigated in pigs. A simulated oral regimen consisting of 0.35\u2009mg\/kg administered every 8\u2009h to pigs would achieve plasma concentrations above 32\u2009ng\/mL which are shown to produce psychomotor impairment in people. Further studies to test the clinical efficacy of these dosages in commercial and miniature pigs are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T04:24:02Z","timestamp":1714969442000},"page":"365-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of oral clonazepam in growing commercial pigs (<i>Sus scrofa domestica<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8344-8569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara E.","family":"Hampton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2432-7492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Kleine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joe S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8722-4370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre\u2010Yves","family":"Mulon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7670-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Shanks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucille Ruth","family":"Vanecek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Sciences University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3537-4232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Seddighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5184-900X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherry","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1043454208320975"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"180","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of clonazepam in the dog","volume":"268","author":"Al\u2010Tahan F.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Th\u00e9rapie"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00542419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.10.1300"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Contribution of gut contents, intestinal wall and liver to the first\u2010pass metabolism of clonazepam in the rat","volume":"27","author":"Colburn W. 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