{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:26:51Z","timestamp":1791440811277,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031135","name":"Stiftelsen H\u00e4stforskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Canagliflozin (CFZ) is a sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 inhibitor that has shown promising results as a drug for the treatment of insulin dysregulation in horses. Even though CFZ is used clinically, no pharmacokinetic data has previously been published. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of CFZ after administration of a single oral dose of 1.8\u2009mg\/kg in eight healthy Icelandic horses was examined. Additionally, the effect of treatment on glucose and insulin levels in response to a graded glucose infusion was investigated. Plasma samples for CFZ quantification were taken at 0, 0.33, 0.66, 1, 1.33, 1.66, 2, 2.33, 2.66, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 24, 32, and 48\u2009h post administration. CFZ was quantified using UHPLC coupled to tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC\u2010MS\/MS). A non\u2010compartmental analysis revealed key pharmacokinetic parameters, including a median\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 7\u2009h, a\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 2350\u2009ng\/mL, and a\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1\/2Z<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 28.5\u2009h. CFZ treatment reduced glucose (AUC\n                    <jats:sub>GLU<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001) and insulin (AUC\n                    <jats:sub>INS<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.04) response to a graded glucose infusion administered 5\u2009h after treatment. This indicates a rapid onset of action following a single dose in healthy Icelandic horses. No obvious adverse effects related to the treatment were observed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T01:09:16Z","timestamp":1723079356000},"page":"41-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and Alterations in Glucose and Insulin Levels After a Single Dose of Canagliflozin in Healthy Icelandic Horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6555-3795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Michanek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Br\u00f6jer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger","family":"Lillieh\u00f6\u00f6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathrine T.","family":"Fjordbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minerva","family":"L\u00f6wgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Hedeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Bergquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry\u2010BMC Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7480-9935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl","family":"Ekstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1995.268.1.E21"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.02.029"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"780","article-title":"Effects of Levothyroxine Sodium on Body Condition, Blood Measures of Metabolic Status,and Glucose Dynamics in Horses With Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)","volume":"24","author":"Chameroy K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13979"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409x475779"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262\u2010015\u20100285\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23051229"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15423"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408x273648"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"S140","volume-title":"Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20132023: Diabetes Care","author":"ElSayed N. 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