{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T08:57:54Z","timestamp":1759481874933,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral artemisinin has antiparasitic activity and may help improve treatment success rates in dogs infected with <jats:italic>Babesia gibsoni<\/jats:italic>. However, these artemisinin products are unapproved and unregulated botanical supplements. They have not been evaluated for safety and efficacy or for strength, purity, or quality compared with a reference standard. Before considering these products for a clinical study, we evaluated the strength of four suppliers of artemisinin capsules using an high\u2010performance liquid chromatography method validated in our laboratory. We found that the four artemisinin\u2010labeled products that were tested had high within product and between product variability in capsule strength compared with the stated capsule strength on the product label. No products met the acceptance criteria of the United States Pharmacopeia and International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) as well as the criteria adapted by the authors. One product had no detectable artemisinin, and the other three products were much higher than the stated label strength. The results of this study reinforce the importance of testing unapproved and unregulated supplements before recommending a supplement for clinical use in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T12:49:10Z","timestamp":1724503750000},"page":"56-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of US Marketed Artemisinin Supplements for Use in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7837-5677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa R.","family":"Berman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2617-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam J.","family":"Birkenheuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2583-8120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily L.","family":"Sorah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Hospital Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark G.","family":"Papich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.134544"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659\u2010014\u20100013\u20107"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201006221\u20101"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6462"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2017.1347227"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.2009.05270.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2010.06.004"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","DOI":"10.1177\/2055116921999595"},{"unstructured":"ICH.2005. \u201cQ2 (R1): Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology.\u201d International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use.https:\/\/database.ich.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Q2%28R1%29%20Guideline.pdf.","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2014.12.006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12060708"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2015.19.1.21"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2008.07.004"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2009.01.025"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520620666200120100252"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.07.023"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008947"},{"unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information.2024. \u201cPubChem Compound Summary for CID 68827 Artemisinin.\u201dhttps:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Artemisinin.","key":"e_1_2_6_19_1"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"1819","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy Field Study of Artesunate for Dogs With Non\u2010Resectable Tumours","volume":"33","author":"Rutteman G. R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anticancer Research"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2019.4921"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/435713"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010021\u201006018\u20106"},{"volume-title":"General Chapter, \u27e81225\u27e9 Validation of Compendial Procedures. USP\u2010NF","year":"2023","author":"United States Pharmacopeia","key":"e_1_2_6_24_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Strength and Stability Testing for Compounded Preparations","author":"USP Compounding Expert Committee","year":"2014"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2018.11.011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107697"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvp.13480","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T09:35:28Z","timestamp":1736242528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvp.13480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvp.13480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvp.13480","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7783","1365-2885"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0140-7783"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2885"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}