{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:16:20Z","timestamp":1787015780410,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diazepam (DZP), a benzodiazepine medication, is extensively utilized in both human and veterinary medicine and has been frequently detected in fish populations. The use of DZP\u2010laced bait is identified as a predominant contributor to drug residue contamination in fish. Nonetheless, our understanding of the residue profile of DZP in fish and its potential implications for human health remains constrained. This study investigated the residue behavior and dietary intake risks of DZP and its primary metabolites in crucian carp (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Carassius auratus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) following oral administration. A rapid and sensitive UHPLC\u2013MS\/MS method was developed and validated for the reliable quantification of DZP and its identified metabolites. The findings revealed rapid absorption and extensive distribution of DZP in crucian carp, with peak concentrations in plasma and tissues occurring at 1\u2009h. The distribution pattern of DZP, based on calculated AUC, was kidney\u2009&gt;\u2009liver\u2009&gt;\u2009plasma\u2009&gt;\u2009gill\u2009&gt;\u2009muscle plus skin. The distribution of DZP in plasma and tested tissues followed the decreasing order of kidney\u2009&gt;\u2009liver\u2009&gt;\u2009plasma\u2009&gt;\u2009gill\u2009&gt;\u2009muscle plus skin according to the calculated AUC. DZP elimination was notably slow, particularly in muscle plus skin, with an elimination half\u2010life of 619.31\u2009h, necessitating at least 70\u2009days for concentrations to fall below the limit of quantitation, suggesting a high likelihood of residue formation in fish from oral DZP administration. DZP was metabolized into nordiazepam and temazepam in crucian carp; nordiazepam is the main metabolite of DZP, which is gradually higher than the parent drug in the elimination phase. The dietary risk assessment suggested that a possible health risk (HQ \u2265\u20090.1) was found within 1\u2009day via ingestion of crucian carp after an oral dose of DZP, suggesting that frequent consumption of high\u2010residue crucian carp may cause harm to human health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1741738630000},"page":"212-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Residue Behavior and Risk Assessment of Diazepam and Its Metabolites in Crucian Carp (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Carassius auratus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) After Oral Administration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6095-3602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaosheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongshan Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Center  Zhongshan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shucai","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongshan Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Center  Zhongshan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Fisheries Technical Extension Center  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongshan Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Center  Zhongshan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6259-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2015.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"453","article-title":"Pharmacological Mechanisms of Diazepam in Fish I. Effect on Growth","volume":"5","author":"Belal I.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Science & Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cn5000056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"CMARA.2019.\u201cGB 31650\u20102019. National Food Safety Standard\u2010Maximum Residue Limits for Veterinary Drugs in Foods.\u201d34.http:\/\/down.foodmate.net\/standard\/sort\/3\/64074.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"European Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021\/808 of 22 March 2021 on the Performance of Analytical Methods for Residues of Pharmacologically Active Substances Used in Food\u2010Producing Animals and on the Interpretation of Results as Well as on the Methods to be Used for Sampling and Repealing Decisions 2002\/657\/EC and 98\/179\/EC","volume":"180","author":"Commission, E","year":"2021","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0170-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00827-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2009.06.031"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Benzodiazepine Pharmacology and Central Nervous System\u2010Mediated Effects","volume":"13","author":"Griffin C. 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