{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:56:01Z","timestamp":1757620561440,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001655","name":"Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["244\u20102019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["244\u20102019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite their widespread clinical use, there is limited pharmacokinetic data for many equine intrauterine antimicrobials. This study aimed to measure the concentration of gentamicin and penicillin in the uterine fluid of mares following infusion of either a standard (PPGent) or long\u2010acting (LA\u2010PPGent) compounded formulation. We hypothesized that both formulations would result in therapeutic concentrations, with total concentrations sustained for longer using the long\u2010acting formulation. Mares were administered 2400\u2009mg of procaine penicillin and 200\u2009mg of gentamicin via a single intrauterine infusion in either a standard (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) or a lyophilized formulation suspended in a slow\u2010release matrix (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096). Intrauterine fluid was collected over a 72\u2010h period and analyzed for antibiotic concentrations using high\u2010performance liquid chromatography and ultra\u2010high\u2010performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Mean maximal concentrations were seen at 0.5\u2009h in group PPGent (Penicillin: 10,123.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094298.0\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, Gentamicin: 3397.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091338.5\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) and exceeded MIC for relevant organisms for 72\u2009h (Penicillin: 2.59\u2009\u00b1\u20096.34\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, Gentamicin: 2.14\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4\u2009\u03bcg\/mL). Interestingly, maximal concentrations were lower in group LA\u2010PPG (Penicillin: 2213.8\u2009\u00b1\u2009967.8\u2009\u03bcg\/mL\u2014<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, Gentamicin: 1859\u2009\u00b1\u20092413\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) and exceeded MIC for a shorter period of time than the unmodified mixture of commonly used FDA\u2010approved antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T06:20:22Z","timestamp":1747203622000},"page":"389-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Penicillin and Gentamicin Concentrations in the Uterine Fluid of Non\u2010Pregnant Mares Following a Single Intrauterine Infusion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"C. Scott","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8629-8340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa M.","family":"Beachler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0997-3111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Mochel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Statistics Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"},{"name":"Precision One Health Initiative College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry W.","family":"Wulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Yaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debosmita","family":"Kundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Withowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark G.","family":"Papich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103727"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.188.12.1390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-32-301713-4\/50007-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(92)80205-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1987.tb01377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1989.tb00695.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(83)90099-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"How and When to Treat Endometritis With Systemic or Local Antibiotics","volume":"57","author":"Dasciano J. 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