{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T14:14:23Z","timestamp":1768313663179,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015103","name":"Japan Racing Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp;amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined the pharmacokinetics of intravenous pridinol in six thoroughbred horses. Each horse received a single 20\u2009mg dose of pridinol mesylate via the jugular vein, and plasma and urine samples were collected over 72\u2009h. Liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) was used to quantify pridinol concentrations in plasma and urine, allowing for the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters. A three\u2010compartment model best fit the plasma elimination data. Using the Toutain model, irrelevant plasma and urine concentrations were estimated to be 0.00284 and 0.000612\u2009ng\/mL, respectively. Key pharmacokinetic parameters were clearance rate, 1.27\u2009L\/h\/kg; steady\u2010state volume of distribution, 2.07\u2009L\/kg; and steady\u2010state urine\u2010to\u2010plasma ratio, 0.211. These findings can help establish regulatory thresholds for pridinol in horse racing and equestrian sports.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.70029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T11:01:13Z","timestamp":1760007673000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plasma and Urine Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Pridinol in Thoroughbreds for Its Medication Control"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2096-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Minamijima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Racing Chemistry  Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3709-5459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taisuke","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Research Institute Japan Racing Association  Tochigi Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Japan Racing Association  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Okano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Clinic, Horse Racing School Anti\u2010Doping Section, Equine Department Japan Racing Association  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Wakuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Clinic, Horse Racing School Anti\u2010Doping Section, Equine Department Japan Racing Association  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Yuasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Clinic, Horse Racing School Anti\u2010Doping Section, Equine Department Japan Racing Association  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhiro","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Clinic, Horse Racing School Anti\u2010Doping Section, Equine Department Japan Racing Association  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2778-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motoi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Clinic, Horse Racing School Anti\u2010Doping Section, Equine Department Japan Racing Association  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Racing Chemistry  Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Racing Chemistry  Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03189296"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"FEI Equine Prohibited Substances List.2025.https:\/\/inside.fei.org\/fei\/cleansport\/ad\u2010h\/prohibited\u2010list."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"HISA Prohibited Substances List.2025.https:\/\/bphisaweb.wpengine.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/HISA_BannedProhibitedList_Report_113023a.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Horse Racing in Japan.2025.\u201cMedication and Drugs.\u201dhttps:\/\/japanracing.jp\/en\/horsemen\/rule\/medication.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1470996"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"358","article-title":"A Comparison Study of Main Pharmacokinetic Parameters on Pridinol Mesylate Orally Disintegrating Tablets and Conventional Tablets in Beagle Dogs","volume":"34","author":"Luo X.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Latin American Journal of Pharmacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Pridinol.2019.\u201cMyopridin 3 mg tablets (Strathmann GmbH & Co. KG) summary of product characteristics.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Pridinol.2023.\u201cLOXEEN Injection 2 mg (Nichi\u2010iko Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd) summary of product characteristics.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CP203900"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"610","article-title":"Der Metabolismus von Antiparkinson\u2010Mitteln. Ein Beispiel f\u00fcr konkurrierende Hydroxylierungen [Metabolism of antiparkinson drugs. An example of competitive hydroxylation]","volume":"29","author":"Stock B.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arzneimittel\u2010Forschung"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-3801(03)00013-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"The Japan Racing Association Rules of Racing.2025.https:\/\/japanracing.jp\/en\/horsemen\/jra_rules\/rules_racing.html#c3."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00028.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.08.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516402776185985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2022.2077579"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvp.70029","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvp.70029","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvp.70029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:28:27Z","timestamp":1768292907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvp.70029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvp.70029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvp.70029","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7783","1365-2885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7783","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}