{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T13:41:13Z","timestamp":1768311673353,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015103","name":"Japan Racing Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp;amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Remimazolam (RMZ) is a new short\u2010half\u2010life benzodiazepine used in humans. We compared the pharmacokinetics and sedative effects of RMZ with those of midazolam (MDZ) in Thoroughbred horses. Six Thoroughbreds received a single IV dose of RMZ 0.05\u2009mg\/kg or MDZ 0.05\u2009mg\/kg in a randomized crossover design. Blood samples were collected, and plasma RMZ and MDZ concentrations were measured by LC\u2013MS\/MS. Plasma concentrations were analyzed by using non\u2010compartmental analysis and a nonlinear mixed effect model. The half\u2010life of RMZ (0.77\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15\u2009h) was significantly shorter than that of MDZ (3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009h). The bootstrap estimates of the parameters (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD) for RMZ and MDZ were 14.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009L\/kg\/h and 0.45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u2009L\/kg\/h for clearance; 2.01\u2009\u00b1\u20090.26\u2009L\/kg and 1.31\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10\u2009L\/kg for the distribution volume of steady state. RMZ clearance was significantly higher than MDZ clearance in a comparison of post hoc values for the six horses. Wobble, observed as muscle relaxation\/ataxia and a diminished stimulus response to RMZ, was observed from immediately after administration until 5\u2009min later; the response generally disappeared after 10\u2009min. Clinical trials will determine the place of RMZ in total intravenous anesthesia for rapid and smooth recovery in horses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.70030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T11:09:08Z","timestamp":1759835348000},"page":"94-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of Remimazolam Versus Midazolam After Intravenous Administration to Horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Miho Training Center Racehorse Clinic Japan Racing Association  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3709-5459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taisuke","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Research Institute Japan Racing Association  Tochigi Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology  Fuchu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2096-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Minamijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Analysis Department Laboratory of Racing Chemistry  Utsunomiya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Research Institute Japan Racing Association  Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Mita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Research Institute Japan Racing Association  Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motoi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Research Institute Japan Racing Association  Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Research Institute Japan Racing Association  Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"500","article-title":"Total Intravenous Anesthesia Using a Midazolam\u2010Ketamine\u2010Xylazine Infusion in Horses: 46 Cases (2011\u20132014)","volume":"59","author":"Aarnes T. K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(95)91209\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2024.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2022.110955"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/s0375\u20109393.21.15517\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061777"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.4.470"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542\u2010199203000\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643\u2010024\u201002660\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/den.15030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17085\/apm.21115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"Mundipharma.2023.\u201cPharmacokinetic Studies of Remimazolam.\u201d[In Japanese.]https:\/\/www.pmda.go.jp\/drugs\/2020\/P20200120002\/770098000_30200AMX00031_I100_1.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.24444"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325\u2010023\u201002615\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737\u20100806(00)70457\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102885.2004.00600.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0000000000004851"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvp.70030","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvp.70030","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvp.70030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:27:35Z","timestamp":1768292855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvp.70030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvp.70030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvp.70030","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7783","1365-2885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7783","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}