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Intranasal (IN) benzodiazepines are effective for early seizure cessation, but the pharmacokinetics of longer\u2010acting antiseizure medications administered IN have not been investigated in dogs. This study aimed to describe the single\u2010dose pharmacokinetics of a compounded IN levetiracetam product (IN\u2010LEV) in healthy dogs. We hypothesized that the administration of IN\u2010LEV to healthy dogs will demonstrate similar pharmacokinetic parameters to IV administration. In a randomized crossover design, nine healthy dogs received a single 30\u2009mg\/kg IV dose (100\u2009mg\/mL) or a single 30\u2009mg\/kg IN dose (460\u2009mg\/mL) of levetiracetam. Serum levetiracetam concentrations were serially measured over 24\u2009h. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using non\u2010compartmental methods and comparisons between routes of administration were made using the Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test.\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                    for IN\u2010LEV were 14.6\u2009\u00b1\u20095.4\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, 2.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5\u2009h, and 3.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u2009h, respectively. IN\u2010LEV achieved minimum target concentrations (5\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) within 0.34\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22\u2009h and maintained these levels for 6.57\u2009\u00b1\u20093.17\u2009h. Bioavailability for IN\u2010LEV was 70%\u2009\u00b1\u200927.4%. This study demonstrates that IN levetiracetam rapidly achieves the lowest reference interval concentration, but the high end of the interval was not achieved in any dog with a single 30\u2009mg\/kg dose. IN\u2010LEV may be a viable alternative for emergent seizure management when IV access is unavailable, but multiple doses may be required to achieve seizure cessation in some patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.70046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T17:39:30Z","timestamp":1768930770000},"page":"110-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single\u2010Dose Pharmacokinetics of Intranasal Levetiracetam in Healthy Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4036-2244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois 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