{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:11:54Z","timestamp":1778944314152,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp;amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobial drugs are commonly used for the treatment of bacterial diseases in cobia (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Rachycentron canadum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), but information regarding the rationale of their therapeutic use, such as pharmacokinetics (PK), optimal dosages, and withdrawal time (WDT) in this species is very rare. The present study evaluated the PK characteristics of florfenicol (FF) in cobia at 25\u00b0C after a single oral administration of 10\u2009mg\/kg via medicated feed. FF in the serum was determined by an HPLC method and the PK parameters were analyzed by a one\u2010compartmental model. In tissue depletion and drug WDT study, cobia were fed with FF medicated feed at 10\u2009mg\/kg once daily for 5\u2009days. The WDT was determined by linear regression analysis using the sum of FF and its metabolite florfenicol amine as the marker residue. The results revealed that FF has desirable PK characteristics in cobia, including a high peak serum concentration (\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 9.08\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), a large area under the serum concentration\u2010time curve (AUC, 182.68\u2009h\u00b7\u03bcg\/mL), and a moderately long elimination half\u2010life (\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1\/2K<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 10.22\u2009h). The optimal dosage for a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2\u2009\u03bcg\/mL at 25\u00b0C was 6.23\u2009mg\/kg\/day. The WDT was calculated to be 5\u2009days based on muscle\/skin and 6\u2009days based on serum depletion. Since serum sampling can reduce animal use, it warrants further investigation despite not being an official target tissue for WDT. Our findings indicated that FF is a good choice for treating bacterial diseases in cobia due to its favorable PK profile and short WDT.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.70049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T08:36:26Z","timestamp":1769848586000},"page":"343-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacokinetics, Optimal Dosages, and Withdrawal Time of Florfenicol in Cobia (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Rachycentron canadum<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) After Oral Administration via Medicated Feed"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5874-7736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jou\u2010An","family":"Shih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine National Chung Hsing University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tirawat","family":"Rairat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Ping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Division, Veterinary Research Institute Ministry of Agriculture  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010Ming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine National Chung Hsing University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3272-0366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niti","family":"Chuchird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4622-2552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi\u2010Chung","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine National Chung Hsing University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(00)00142-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104471"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jwas.12810"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"CFR.2025.\u201cCode of Federal Regulations Title 21 Food and Drugs Part 500 to 599.\u201dOffice of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration College Park Maryland USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","article-title":"Withdrawal Period of Oxolinic Acid in Cobia (Rachycentron canadum): Validation of an LC\u2010MS\/MS Method","volume":"71","author":"Chen R. 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