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Five healthy, adult horses received three IV treatments 7\u2009days apart, in a randomized, cross\u2010over design: detomidine 20\u2009\u03bcg\/kg (DET\u2010B), detomidine 20\u2009\u03bcg\/kg with vatinoxan 200\u2009\u03bcg\/kg (DETVAT\u2010B) and saline (S\u2010B), all followed by 0.1\u2009mg\/kg of butorphanol administered subcutaneously 30\u2009min later. Venous samples were collected between 10 and 270\u2009min after butorphanol administration. Butorphanol concentrations in plasma were analyzed with liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed with non\u2010compartmental methods. The observed areas under plasma butorphanol concentration\u2010time curves were 8104\u2009\u00b1\u20092590, 7042\u2009\u00b1\u20092628 and 5996\u2009\u00b1\u20091670\u2009ng\u00b7min\/mL for DET\u2010B, DETVAT\u2010B and S\u2010B, respectively. There were no significant differences between treatments. Pre\u2010treatment with detomidine, with or without vatinoxan, did not significantly affect the exposure to subcutaneously administered butorphanol in this study.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.70051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T08:45:51Z","timestamp":1769849151000},"page":"289-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exposure to Subcutaneously Administered Butorphanol in Horses Pre\u2010Treated With Detomidine or Detomidine\u2010Vatinoxan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8045-3549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juhana M.","family":"Honkavaara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki, Finland  Helsinki 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M.","family":"Rinne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Admescope (Symeres Finland OY)  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2653-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marja R.","family":"Raekallio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki, Finland  Helsinki 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