{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:03:29Z","timestamp":1784307809187,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005613","name":"Atlantic Veterinary College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005202","name":"University of Prince Edward Island","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp;amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Empagliflozin is a sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 inhibitor used for treating humans with heart failure, among other conditions. This drug could have applications in veterinary cardiology, but whether empagliflozin has biological effects in dogs when administered at dosages approximating human therapeutic dosages is unknown. This study investigated whether empagliflozin (target dosage, 0.3\u2009mg\/kg) could produce significant increases in urinary glucose concentrations and measurable plasma drug concentrations, without increasing serum \u03b2\u2010hydroxybutyrate (\u03b2\u2010HA) concentrations in dogs. Six healthy, privately\u2010owned dogs weighing 22\u201336\u2009kg were studied prospectively. Urinary glucose, serum \u03b2\u2010HA, and plasma empagliflozin concentrations were measured 0\u2009h, 6\u2009h, 12\u2009h, 24\u2009h, 48\u2009h, and 72\u2009h after single\u2010dose oral administration of 10\u2009mg empagliflozin. The dosage administered was 0.28\u20130.45\u2009mg\/kg. Mean urinary glucose concentration peaked at 24\u2009h (8,041\u2009mg\/dL) before returning to baseline (&lt;\u200940\u2009mg\/dL) at 72\u2009h (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Serum \u03b2\u2010HA concentrations remained within the reference interval for dogs (&lt;\u20092.1\u2009mg\/dL). Plasma drug concentrations at 24\u2009h were 13 times greater than the reported human in\u00a0vitro IC50. The half\u2010life was 4.4\u20136\u2009h. Oral empagliflozin 0.28\u20130.45\u2009mg\/kg produced glucosuria and measurable plasma drug concentrations in healthy dogs, without ketonemia, after a single dose.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.70066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T18:54:56Z","timestamp":1773946496000},"page":"427-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Oral Single\u2010Dose Empagliflozin on Urinary Glucose, Serum \u03b2\u2010Hydroxybutyrate, and Plasma Empagliflozin Concentrations in Healthy Adult Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0177-7626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea D.","family":"Pl\u00e1 Gutierrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8524-5749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Lynne","family":"O'Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2049-1145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5542-8296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"McConkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4037-3472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Butch","family":"KuKanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8430-4973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie E.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical and Life Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University  Logan Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201002895\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581814551648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2002.tb01258.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2019.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01517.x"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"e895","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"145","author":"Heidenreich P. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"1348","volume-title":"Ettinger's Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine","author":"Ljungvall I.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"McGovern T. J. andUnited States Food and Drug Administration.2013.\u201cTertiary Pharmacology\/Toxicology Review:Empagliflozin (NDA No. 20469) [Internet].\u201dhttps:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/nda\/2014\/204629Orig1s000PharmR.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suae117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1367","volume-title":"Ettinger's Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine","author":"O'Sullivan M. 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