{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:12:13Z","timestamp":1788880333917,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022822","name":"Merck Animal Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAM\u2010P25\u2010000284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAM\u2010P25\u2010000284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp;amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis can cause acute infections with rapid onset of neurologic signs, necessitating immediate empiric therapy with antiprotozoal medication. The objective of the study was to identify when concentrations of diclazuril reached the MIC of\n                    <jats:italic>Sarcocystis neurona<\/jats:italic>\n                    in CSF (1\u2009ng\/mL) of healthy adult horses after a single oral dose. Six healthy adult horses were used. Blood and CSF were collected from indwelling intravenous jugular catheters and intrathecal catheters in the lumbosacral space prior to drug administration and then at 1\u2010, 4\u2010, 8\u2010, 12\u2010, 16\u2010, 24\u2010, 48\u2010, 72\u2010, 96\u2010, 120\u2010, 144\u2010, 168\u2010, and 192\u2010h post\u2010administration of a 1\u2009mg\/kg dose of pelleted diclazuril administered by mouth in 8\u2009oz of sweet feed. Samples were centrifuged then plasma and CSF supernatant were separated and frozen at \u221280\u00b0C until analysis. Diclazuril concentrations were analyzed with a liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometer assay developed specifically for this study. Plasma concentrations of diclazuril peaked at 48\u2009h with a mean concentration of 395.6\u2009\u00b1\u2009109.4\u2009ng\/mL. CSF concentrations of diclazuril peaked at 24\u2009h (mean concentration 9.0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.4\u2009ng\/mL) but achieved the MIC of\n                    <jats:italic>S. neurona<\/jats:italic>\n                    12\u2009h after administration (mean concentration 2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8\u2009ng\/mL) and remained above MIC for the duration of the sampling period. In conclusion, pelleted diclazuril at 1\u2009mg\/kg reaches concentrations in the CSF above the MIC for\n                    <jats:italic>S. neurona<\/jats:italic>\n                    in healthy horses 12\u2009h after a single oral dose.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.70086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T12:04:02Z","timestamp":1778933042000},"page":"487-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of Diclazuril in the Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Healthy Adult Horses After a Single Oral Dose Administered as a Pelleted Topdressing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4477-9711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Treece","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1322-5079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate L.","family":"Hepworth\u2010Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark G.","family":"Papich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip D.","family":"van Harreveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Animal Health  Rahway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0867-7310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony T.","family":"Blikslager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faith E.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn B.","family":"Harbor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9589-3280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara J.","family":"Erwin\u2010Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.3.378"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.2.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-69611-1.00004-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200241100-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102885.1999.00232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119380559.ch49"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15765"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870601800303"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12176"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0164:DOTAOD]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-8-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104183"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"Reed S. 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