{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:28:01Z","timestamp":1789003681960,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T35OD029981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T35OD029981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobial resistant urinary tract infections (UTI) in dogs are becoming more common, and treatment options can be limited. Sulfonamide antimicrobials, often in combination with trimethoprim, can be used. However, sulfonamides may produce severe adverse effects in dogs, including death. Trimethoprim, without a sulfonamide, is routinely used in humans for UTI. Our objective was to evaluate trimethoprim urine concentrations in dogs after a single oral trimethoprim dose. We hypothesized trimethoprim can sustain urine concentrations that may be effective for treating canine UTI. Our Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved the study. Nine healthy client\u2010owned dogs of varying breeds received a single oral dose of trimethoprim 5\u2009mg\/kg. Clients collected urine (free catch) before trimethoprim administration and then at 6\u2010, 8\u2010, 12\u2010, and 24\u2010h post administration. Trimethoprim urine concentrations were analyzed via validated mass spectrometry. The range of urine concentrations at 6\u2009h (69.9\u2013413 mcg\/mL), 8\u2009h (46.2\u2013405 mcg\/mL), 12\u2009h (34.5\u2013220 mcg\/mL) and 24\u2009h (17.2\u2013154 mcg\/mL) all exceeded 8 mcg\/mL, the susceptible breakpoint for\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                    UTI in human patients. However, specific breakpoints and pharmacodynamics in dogs have not been reported. These data suggest oral trimethoprim may be effective for canine\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                    UTI. Further research is needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of trimethoprim in canine UTI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.70100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:29:59Z","timestamp":1784957399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trimethoprim Urine Excretion and Its Potential for Treating Canine Urinary Tract Infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4037-3472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Butch","family":"KuKanich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Manhattan Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0215-3284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"KuKanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Manhattan Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7862-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke","family":"Paisley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Manhattan Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0140\u20107783.2003.00545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1625530","article-title":"Fluoroquinolones and Glucocorticoids as Risk Factors for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease in Retrievers","volume":"12","author":"Bunch J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. CLSI Supplement M100","author":"CLSI","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4212\/cjhp.v69i2.1547"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"EUCAST.2025.\u201cAntimicrobial Wild Type Distributions of Microorganisms for Trimethoprim.\u201dhttps:\/\/mic.eucast.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600590318"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1348\u20100421.12466"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12257"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05360\u201011"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1992.53.7.1273","article-title":"Serum and Skin Concentrations After Multiple\u2010Dose Oral Administration of Trimethoprim\u2010Sulfadiazine in Dogs","volume":"53","author":"Pohlenz\u2010Zertuche H. O.","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1981.42.06.996","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Trimethoprim and Sulfadiazine in the Dog: Urine Concentrations After Oral Administration","volume":"42","author":"Sigel C. W.","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939\u20101676.2003.tb02495.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"Trimethoprim Monograph.2025.\u201cMayoclinic.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/drugs\u2010supplements\/trimethoprim\u2010oral\u2010route\/description\/drg\u201020066552."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02147\u201013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2010.01.007","article-title":"PKSolver: An Add\u2010In Program for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Data Analysis in Microsoft Excel","volume":"99","author":"Zhang Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvp.70100","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvp.70100","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvp.70100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:30:00Z","timestamp":1784957400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvp.70100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvp.70100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvp.70100","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7783","1365-2885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7783","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jvp.70100"}}