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This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of buccally administered CBD, its major metabolites, and orally administered carprofen in dogs, and assessed potential pharmacokinetic changes during co\u2010administration. Twenty\u2010five dogs with osteoarthritis received CBD (2\u2009mg\/kg), carprofen (2\u2009mg\/kg), or both drugs twice daily for 4\u2009weeks. Plasma samples were collected during the first 12\u2009h after the initial dose and at two and 4\u2009weeks of treatment. Cannabidiol, 7\u2010hydroxy\u2010cannabidiol (7\u2010OH\u2010CBD), 7\u2010carboxy\u2010cannabidiol (7\u2010COOH\u2010CBD), and carprofen concentrations were quantified using LC\u2010MS\/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non\u2010compartmental and compartmental analyses. Cannabidiol was rapidly absorbed but showed substantial interindividual variability. CBD exposure was higher during co\u2010administration with carprofen, but differences in C\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    and AUC\n                    <jats:sub>last<\/jats:sub>\n                    were not significant. Repeated dosing resulted in increasing 2\u2010h post\u2010dose CBD concentrations over time. Among metabolites, 7\u2010COOH\u2010CBD showed greater exposure and persistence than 7\u2010OH\u2010CBD. Carprofen pharmacokinetics were consistent with previous reports, with higher but non\u2010significant C\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    and AUC\n                    <jats:sub>last<\/jats:sub>\n                    during co\u2010administration with CBD. These findings warrant further investigation of potential pharmacokinetic interactions between CBD and carprofen.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:08:43Z","timestamp":1790766523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of Buccally Administered Cannabidiol and Oral Carprofen During Single\u2010 and Repeated\u2010Dose Administration in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3604-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tilen","family":"Vake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7582-8467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina","family":"Tomsi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3960-1746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u017diga","family":"\u017dgank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Klasi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3850-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janja","family":"Babi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Safety Feed and Environment  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4697-9800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zlatka","family":"Bajc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Safety Feed and Environment  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u017eica","family":"Dolenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Safety Feed and Environment  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrijela Tav\u010dar","family":"Kalcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Safety Feed and Environment  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odon","family":"Planin\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5714-2139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toma\u017e","family":"Snoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238\u2010024\u201000238\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11030160"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"178","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol Administered by 3 Delivery Methods at 2 Different Dosages to Healthy Dogs","volume":"82","author":"Bartner L. 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