{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T14:01:47Z","timestamp":1778594507610,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Vietnamese Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KC.04-09\/11-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KC.04-09\/11-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this study, Bacillus subtilis spores expressing a chimeric protein, CotB-VP28, were used as a probiotic vaccine to protect black tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Oral administration of pellets coated with CotB-VP28 spores (at \u22651 \u00d7 109 CFU per g pellet) to shrimps induced immune-relating phenoloxydase activity (PO) in shrimps after 14 days of feeding (prior challenge) and at day 3 post challenge (1\u00b726 and 1\u00b770 fold increase respectively). A 75% protection rate was obtained by continuous feeding of the spore-coated pellets at \u22651 \u00d7 109 CFU per g for 14 days prior to WSSV challenge and during all the postchallenge period. Even when the amount of CotB-VP28 spores in feed pellets was reduced down to \u22655 \u00d7 107 CFU per g and \u22651 \u00d7 106 CFU per g, relatively high protection rates of 70 and 67\u00b75%, respectively, were still obtained. By contrast, feeding pellets without spores (untreated group) and with naked spores (PY79 group) at \u22651 \u00d7 109 CFU per g could not protect shrimps against WSSV. These data suggest that supplementation of CotB-VP28 spores at low dose of \u22651 \u00d7 106 CFU per g could be effective as a prophylactic treatment of WSS for black tiger shrimps.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Significance and Impact of the Study<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study reports the protective efficacy of Bacillus subtilis CotB-VP28 spores on black tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) against white spot syndrome virus infection. Oral administration of pellets coated with CotB-VP28 spores (\u22651 \u00d7 109 CFU per g) conferred 75% protection after white spot syndrome virus challenge. Even after reducing CotB-VP28 spores in feed pellets to \u22651 \u00d7 106 CFU per g, 67\u00b75% protections was still obtained. These data indicate that supplementation of CotB-VP28 spores at a low dose of \u22651 \u00d7 106 CFU per g could be effective in prophylaxis against white spot syndrome in black tiger shrimps.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,19]],"date-time":"2016-12-19T15:36:40Z","timestamp":1482161800000},"page":"184-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Protection of <i>Penaeus monodon<\/i> against white spot syndrome by continuous oral administration of a low concentration of <i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i> spores expressing the VP28 antigen"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"K.-C.","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology VNU University of Science Hanoi Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Institute of New Technology Hanoi 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