{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T17:22:30Z","timestamp":1773249750281,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance have become a major global public health concern. A component of this problem is the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Flies move freely between habitats of food-producing animals and human beings and thus have great potential for dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from a contaminated environment to milk and meat markets, posing potential hazards for consumers. During the present study, a total of 150 houseflies were captured from milk and meat shops located in Durg and Raipur city of Chhattisgarh, India. The Escherichia coli were isolated from houseflies and characterized on the basis of cultural and molecular tests. Further, the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against frequently used antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. The antibiotic resistance genes and int1 gene were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 45 E. coli isolates were obtained from the fly samples with an overall prevalence rate of 30\u00b70%. Antibiogram results confirmed that E. coli isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Out of the (45) isolates of E. coli, 17 (37\u00b78%) isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producer and multi-drug-resistant (MDR). Out of the ESBL and MDR E. coli isolates, blaCTX-M (24\u00b74%), blaTEM (11\u00b71%), tetA (28\u00b78%), tetB (26\u00b77%), gyrA (26\u00b77%), parC (31. 1%) and int1 genes (15\u00b75%) were detected but none of the isolates were found positive for blaSHV gene. Findings of the present study confirm that MDR E. coli are widely distributed in houseflies and play an important role in the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from contaminated environments to milk and meat shop environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:39:20Z","timestamp":1661819960000},"page":"1549-1558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["ERIC-PCR-based molecular typing of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from houseflies (Musca domestica) in the environment of milk and meat shops"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6782-1987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Chandrakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Shakya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Patyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.L.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.P.","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011712233929800_lam13821-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.08.003","article-title":"Prevalence of some virulence factors and genotyping of hospital-acquired Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates recovered from cancer patients","volume":"23","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"2023011712233929800_lam13821-bib-0002","first-page":"591","article-title":"Molecular detection and epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes prevalent in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli from Trinidad and Tobago","volume":"59","author":"Akpaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"2023011712233929800_lam13821-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/718780","article-title":"Role of flies as vectors of foodborne pathogens in rural areas","volume":"2013","author":"Barreiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Microbiol"},{"key":"2023011712233929800_lam13821-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.336","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial strains isolated from Periplaneta americana and Musca domestica in Tangier, Morocco","volume":"4","author":"Bouamamaa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"2023011712233929800_lam13821-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3758","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.10.3758-3764.2004","article-title":"Complete nucleotide sequence of a 92-kilobase plasmid harboring the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase involved in an outbreak in long-term-care facilities in Toronto, Canada","volume":"48","author":"Boyd","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2023011712233929800_lam13821-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.024","article-title":"Enterobacteria associated with houseflies (Musca domestica) as an infection risk indicator in swine production farms","volume":"185","author":"Cervelin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2023011712233929800_lam13821-bib-0007","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 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