{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T22:32:12Z","timestamp":1778452332957,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]],"date-time":"2013-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC<\/jats:styled-content>) patients frequently describe sleep problems. The cause remains unclear and treatment is challenging. Restless leg syndrome (RLS<\/jats:styled-content>) is a common sleep disorder. In this study, we systematically screened PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients for the presence of RLS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Participants were recruited from our specialist PBC<\/jats:styled-content> clinical service. Subjects completed the International Restless Leg Syndrome Study Group rating scale (IRLSS<\/jats:styled-content>) a validated measure of the presence of RLS<\/jats:styled-content> and its severity. Those fulfilling diagnostic criteria for RLS<\/jats:styled-content> underwent foot actigraphy (CamNtech Actiwatch) to objectively assess periodic limb movement index (PLMI<\/jats:styled-content>) (normal <5\/h).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Restless leg syndrome was assessed in 42 consecutive early stage PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Twelve (29%) fulfilled the IRLSS<\/jats:styled-content> criteria for RLS<\/jats:styled-content>. Scores were significantly higher in PBC<\/jats:styled-content> compared to controls (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.005). Twenty\u2010four patients were further assessed with foot actigraphy for 3 nights (12 with subjective RLS<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms and 12 with no RLS<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms). Thirteen of twenty\u2010four subjects had PLMI<\/jats:styled-content> >5\/h and four had moderate or severe PLMI<\/jats:styled-content> >15\/h. All moderate or severe PLMI<\/jats:styled-content> subjects had subjective symptoms of moderate or severe RLS<\/jats:styled-content>. No patients had PLMI<\/jats:styled-content> >10 in the absence of RLS<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms. Eleven PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients with symptomatic RLS<\/jats:styled-content> went on to have treatment. Sixty\u2010three per cent had clear benefit in restless leg symptoms and associated symptoms of fatigue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Restless leg syndrome symptoms are common and underdiagnosed in PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients. RLS<\/jats:styled-content> represents a potential therapy for PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients with daytime sleepiness, fatigue and unpleasant lower limb symptoms and this is worthy of further studies in larger cohorts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]],"date-time":"2012-10-30T13:11:06Z","timestamp":1351602666000},"page":"239-243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Restless leg syndrome is a treatable cause of sleep disturbance and fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Kirstie","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle University Newcastle UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E. J.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle University Newcastle UK"},{"name":"The UK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing \u2013 Liver Theme Newcastle University Newcastle UK"},{"name":"Institute of Cellular Medicine Newcastle University Newcastle UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharine","family":"Wilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle University Newcastle UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia L.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle University Newcastle UK"},{"name":"Institute of Ageing and Health Newcastle University Newcastle UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.5.705"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.32993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03223.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0613-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(03)00010-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"Pramipexole versus dual release levodopa in restless legs syndrome: a double blind, randomised, cross\u2010over trial","volume":"141","author":"Bassetti CL","year":"2011","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.4.830"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.8.703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2004.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-7-200510040-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200868130-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182553c5b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"970","article-title":"The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. 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