{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:24:41Z","timestamp":1792517081457,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005972","name":"Deutsche Krebshilfe","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["108774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108774"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>IL\u20106 \u2013 IL\u20101\u2013 lipocalin2 (LCN2) \u2013 liver irradiation \u2013 oxidative stress \u2013 TNF\u2010a Lipocalin2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCN<\/jats:styled-content>2) is an acute phase protein. The source of its increased serum level in oxidative stress conditions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content>) remains still unknown. We prospectively evaluate the serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCN<\/jats:styled-content>2 increase after single dose liver irradiation along with hepatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCN<\/jats:styled-content>2 gene and protein expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single dose of 25 Gray was administered percutaneously to the liver of randomly paired rats after a planning <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> scan. Male Wistar rats were sacrificed 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48\u00a0h after irradiation along with sham\u2010irradiated controls. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining was performed. Furthermore, <jats:italic>hepatocytes, myofibroblasts<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>upffer cells<\/jats:italic> were isolated from the liver of healthy rats and irradiated <jats:italic>ex\u2010vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After liver irradiation, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCN<\/jats:styled-content>2 serum levels increased significantly up to 2.7\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml within 6\u00a0h and stayed elevated over 24\u00a0h. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCN<\/jats:styled-content>2 specific transcripts increased significantly up to 552\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0109\u2010fold at 24\u00a0h after liver irradiation, which was further confirmed at protein level. \u03b12\u2010macroglobulin and hemoxygenase\u20101 also showed an increase, but the magnitude was less as compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCN<\/jats:styled-content>2. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCN<\/jats:styled-content>2+ granulocytes were detected within 1\u00a0h after irradiation around central and portal fields and remained high during the course of study. <jats:italic>Ex\u2010vivo<\/jats:italic> irradiated <jats:italic>hepatocytes<\/jats:italic> (2.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6\u2010fold) showed a higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCN<\/jats:styled-content>2 gene expression as compared to <jats:italic>myofibroblasts<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>upffer cells<\/jats:italic>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 treatment further increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCN<\/jats:styled-content>2 gene expression in cultured <jats:italic>hepatocytes<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single dose liver irradiation induces a significant increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCN<\/jats:styled-content>2 serum levels, comparable to the induction of acute phase proteins. We suggest <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCN<\/jats:styled-content>2 as marker for the early phase of radiation\u2010induced tissue damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,21]],"date-time":"2012-11-21T14:56:28Z","timestamp":1353509788000},"page":"459-468","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Serum Lipocalin2 is a potential biomarker of liver irradiation damage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sadaf","family":"Sultan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology All University Medical Center Goettingen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiation oncology All University Medical Center Goettingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology All University Medical 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