{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:06:35Z","timestamp":1790744795511,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]],"date-time":"2013-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n Primary aim was to validate the percentage of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (\n ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) which have a contrast vascular pattern at contrast enhanced ultrasound (\n CEUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) at risk of misdiagnosis with hepatocellular carcinoma (\n HCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and, secondary aim, to verify if any characteristics in the\n CEUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n pattern helps to identify\n ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n All\n ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\n on cirrhosis seen in three Italian centres (Bologna, Milan and Pavia) between 2003 and 2011, in which\n CEUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n and at least another imaging technique (\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n or\n MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) had been performed, were retrospectively identified. Those patients with\n ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\n size comparable to the early\n HCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n stage (Milan criteria, considered as small\n ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were enrolled for this study. The enhancement pattern at\n CEUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n was analysed and compared with\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n or\n MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 25 small\n ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\n made this study group.\n CEUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n was at risk of misdiagnosis of\n ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\n for\n HCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n in a significantly higher number of cases than in\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n (performed in 24\n ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) (52% vs. 4.2%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.009) and\n MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (11\n ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) (52% vs. 9.1%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.02). A different contrast pattern among all techniques was found in 6 of 10\n ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\n lesions submitted to the three imaging methods. In the arterial phase,\n ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\n lacked global hyperenhacement in approximately 50% of cases at\n CEUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n and the degree of intensity of wash\u2010out in the late phase was marked in 24% of nodules.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n CEUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n misdiagnosed as\n HCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n a significantly higher number of\n ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\n lesions in cirrhotic patients than\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n . However, some\n CEUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n contrast features can help suspect\n ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , especially in some cases with inconclusive\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n or\n MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]],"date-time":"2013-01-25T13:03:55Z","timestamp":1359119035000},"page":"771-779","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Patterns of appearance and risk of misdiagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis at contrast enhanced ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Marzia","family":"Galassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine Dept of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Hospital Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Iavarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Division of Gastroenterology A.M. & A. Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Hospital University of Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine 6 Policlinico San Matteo Foundation IRCCS Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Bota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine Dept of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Hospital Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Vavassori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Division of Gastroenterology A.M. & A. Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Hospital University of Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine 6 Policlinico San Matteo Foundation IRCCS Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Leoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine Dept of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Hospital Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Venerandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine Dept of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Hospital Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine Dept of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Hospital Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Sangiovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Division of Gastroenterology A.M. & A. Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Hospital University of Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Veronese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine 6 Policlinico San Matteo Foundation IRCCS Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirella","family":"Fraquelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Division of Gastroenterology A.M. & A. Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Hospital University of Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Granito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine Dept of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Hospital Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Golfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Disease and Internal Medicine Radiology Unit General and University S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Hospital Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Division of Gastroenterology A.M. & A. Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Hospital University of Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Bolondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine Dept of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna S. 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