{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T09:22:49Z","timestamp":1760865769110},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,24]],"date-time":"2013-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic diseases, including cirrhosis, are often accompanied by protein\u2010energy malnutrition and muscle loss, which in turn negatively affect quality of life, morbidity and mortality. Unlike other chronic conditions, few data are available on the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle wasting in this clinical setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess mechanisms of muscle atrophy in patients with cirrhosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nutritional [subjective global assessment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>) and anthropometry] and metabolic assessment was performed in 30 cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Rectus abdominis biopsies were obtained intraoperatively in 22 cirrhotic patients and in 10 well\u2010nourished subjects undergoing elective surgery for non\u2010neoplastic disease, as a control group. Total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> was extracted and m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> for atrogenes (MuRF\u20101, Atrogin\u20101\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAF<\/jats:styled-content>bx), myostatin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSTN<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>3\u03b2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 was assayed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 50% of cirrhotic patients were malnourished based on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>, while 53% were muscle\u2010depleted according to mid\u2010arm muscle area (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAMA<\/jats:styled-content>&lt;5th percentile). Mu<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression was significantly increased in malnourished cirrhotic patients (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010B\/C) vs. well\u2010nourished patients (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010A) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01). The phosphorylation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>3\u03b2 was up\u2010regulated in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>) vs. patients without tumour (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscle loss is frequently found in end\u2010stage liver disease patients. Molecular factors pertaining to signalling pathways known to be involved in the regulation of muscle mass are altered during cirrhosis and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]],"date-time":"2013-01-25T18:36:49Z","timestamp":1359139009000},"page":"714-721","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Mu<scp>RF<\/scp>\u20101 and p\u2010<scp>GSK<\/scp>3\u03b2 expression in muscle atrophy of cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Manuela","family":"Merli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department of Clinical Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Giusto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department of Clinical Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome 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