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Follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content>) has been demonstrated to be a trophic factor for biliary cells in normal rats and experimental cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDL<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content> on cholangiocyte proliferation during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADPKD<\/jats:styled-content> using both <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evaluation of FSH receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSHR<\/jats:styled-content>), FSH, phospho\u2010extracellular\u2010regulated kinase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pERK<\/jats:styled-content>) and c\u2010myc expression in liver fragments from normal patients and patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADPKD<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, we studied proliferating cell nuclear antigen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCNA<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cAMP<\/jats:styled-content> levels in a human immortalized, non\u2010malignant cholangiocyte cell line (H69) and in an immortalized cell line obtained from the epithelium lining the hepatic cysts from the patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADPKD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCDE<\/jats:styled-content>) with or without transient silencing of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content> gene.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Follicle\u2010stimulating hormone is linked to the active proliferation of the cystic wall and to the localization of p\u2010ERK and c\u2010myc. This hormone sustains the biliary growth by activation of the cAMP\/ERK signalling pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results showed that FSH has an important function in cystic growth acting on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cAMP<\/jats:styled-content> pathway, demonstrating that it provides a target for medical therapy of hepatic cysts during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADPKD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,23]],"date-time":"2013-03-23T21:22:28Z","timestamp":1364073748000},"page":"914-925","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Role of follicle\u2010stimulating hormone on biliary cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Onori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, 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