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The concentrations of serum\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201021 and\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010 were examined.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In comparison with that in the\n HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , significantly increased numbers of circulating\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 38\n +<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 86\n +<\/jats:sup>\n or\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 95\n +<\/jats:sup>\n B cells,\n ICOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n +<\/jats:sup>\n and\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n +<\/jats:sup>\n Tfh cells and increased levels of serum\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201021, but reduced numbers of\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 27\n +<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010\n +<\/jats:sup>\n B cells were detected in the patients. The concentrations of serum\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201021 and\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010 were positively correlated with the numbers of\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 5\n +<\/jats:sup>\n TFH<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 19\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 5\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1d\n +<\/jats:sup>\n B cells respectively. The numbers of\n ICOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n +<\/jats:sup>\n or\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n +<\/jats:sup>\n Tfh cells were correlated positively with\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 86\n +<\/jats:sup>\n or\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 95\n +<\/jats:sup>\n B cells in those patients respectively. The numbers of\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 38\n +<\/jats:sup>\n B cells,\n ICOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n +<\/jats:sup>\n or\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n +<\/jats:sup>\n Tfh cells were correlated positively with the concentrations of serum IgG or IgM in the patients respectively; the concentrations of serum\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201021 were correlated positively with serum IgG, IgA and IgM and the concentrations of serum\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010 were correlated negatively with serum IgG and IgM in the patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Circulating activated Tfh and plasma cells may be associated with hypergammaglobulinaemia during the pathogenic process of\n AIH<\/jats:styled-content>\n in humans.\n <\/jats:p>\n 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