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This assumption is mainly based on studies with cultured astrocytes treated with very large ammonia concentrations or with animal models of acute liver failure with strong <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HE<\/jats:styled-content>. However, the possible contribution of cerebral oedema (vasogenic or cytotoxic) to cognitive or motor alterations in chronic mild <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HE<\/jats:styled-content> has not been demonstrated. The aim of this work was to assess whether cerebral oedema contributes to cognitive and\/or motor alterations in rats with chronic mild <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Motor activity and coordination and different types of learning and memory were assessed in rats with porta\u2010caval shunts (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCS<\/jats:styled-content>). Brain oedema was assessed by gravimetry in cerebellum and cortex and apparent diffusion coefficient (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADC<\/jats:styled-content>) by magnetic resonance in 16 areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four weeks after surgery, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCS<\/jats:styled-content> rats show reduced motor activity and coordination, impaired ability to learn a conditional discrimination task in the Y maze and reduced spatial memory in the Morris water maze. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCS<\/jats:styled-content> rats did not show increased brain water content at 4 or 10\u00a0weeks or changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADC<\/jats:styled-content> at 4\u00a0weeks. At 10\u00a0weeks, increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADC<\/jats:styled-content> in some areas is compatible with vasogenic but not cytotoxic oedema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebral oedema is not involved in motor and cognitive alterations in rats (and likely in humans) with mild <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HE<\/jats:styled-content>. Proper understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the neurological alterations in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HE<\/jats:styled-content> is necessary to design efficient treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]],"date-time":"2013-06-20T13:52:54Z","timestamp":1371736374000},"page":"379-387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Cerebral oedema is not responsible for motor or cognitive deficits in rats with hepatic encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Cauli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Centro Investigaci\u00f3n Pr\u00edncipe Felipe Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Llansola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Centro Investigaci\u00f3n Pr\u00edncipe Felipe Valencia 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