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We investigated the clinical significance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TL<\/jats:styled-content>1A and one of its receptors, decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed the systemic and local expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TL<\/jats:styled-content>1A and DcR3 in 110 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients and 46 healthy controls using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TL<\/jats:styled-content>1A levels were significantly increased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients at both early and late stages as compared with healthy controls, and its levels were significantly decreased in early\u2010stage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients after ursodeoxycholic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UDCA<\/jats:styled-content>) treatment. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TL<\/jats:styled-content>1A was immunohistochemically localized to biliary epithelial cells, Kupffer cells, blood vessels and infiltrating mononuclear cells in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> liver. In addition, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TL<\/jats:styled-content>1A messenger <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression was increased in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> liver as compared with the non\u2010diseased liver. Serum DcR3 levels were also significantly increased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients, and were significantly decreased after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UDCA<\/jats:styled-content> treatment in early\u2010stage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TL<\/jats:styled-content>1A and DcR3 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T14:08:34Z","timestamp":1375452514000},"page":"679-688","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Systemic and local expression levels of <scp>TNF<\/scp>\u2010like ligand 1A and its decoy 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