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The aim of this study was to investigate if cellular immune responses are modified by HCV<\/jats:styled-content> persistence in PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup> and CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell responses against six HCV<\/jats:styled-content> peptides, situated within the non\u2010structural (NS<\/jats:styled-content>) proteins NS<\/jats:styled-content>3, NS<\/jats:styled-content>4b and NS<\/jats:styled-content>5b, were measured by flow cytometry\u2010through intracellular detection of gamma interferon (IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3) or interleukin 4 (IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104) and CD<\/jats:styled-content>69 expression\u2010 in 27 sustained virological responders (SVR<\/jats:styled-content>): 13 with and 14 without occult HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection in PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>s, detected by strand\u2010specific real\u2010time PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Ten healthy individuals and 14 chronically infected patients with viraemia, were included as controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>SVR<\/jats:styled-content> without occult infection showed a higher percentage of activated CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup> cells against peptides belonging to NS<\/jats:styled-content>3 (p124, p153) and NS<\/jats:styled-content>5b (p257, p294), activated CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+<\/jats:sup> cells against NS<\/jats:styled-content>3 (p124, p153, p158) and NS<\/jats:styled-content>5b\u2010p294, as well as an elevated percentage of CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup> cells releasing IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3\u00a0+\u00a0IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 against NS<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010p153, and by CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+<\/jats:sup> cells against NS<\/jats:styled-content>3 (p124, p153). SVR<\/jats:styled-content> without occult infection showed a higher percentage of activation and release of IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3\u00a0+\u00a0IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 by both cell subpopulations than the two group of controls, in contrast to SVR<\/jats:styled-content> with occult infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The lower HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific T\u2010cell response found in SVR<\/jats:styled-content> with occult infection indicates that the immune response may be impaired when the virus persists in PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]],"date-time":"2013-09-11T11:51:19Z","timestamp":1378900279000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hepatitis C virus\u2010specific cellular immune responses in sustained virological responders with viral persistence in peripheral blood mononuclear 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