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This study was conducted to examine the role of genetic variations in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>28B on disease progression in Saudi Arabian patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 1128 subjects divided into four categories; 304 clearance subjects, 518 inactive carriers, 212 active carriers and 94 cirrhosis\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content>s), rs12979860 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.307; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.046\u20131.634, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a05.57 and <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0183), rs12980275 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.642; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.517\u20130.798, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a016.17 and <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001) and rs8105790 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.746; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.592\u20130.941, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a06.12 and <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0133), were found to be strongly associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> clearance. The frequency of the G allele of rs12980275 and the C allele of rs8105790 were found to be more in clearance group than in patients and could contribute to protection against the disease. On the other hand, only rs12979860 showed significant difference in distribution when inactive group was compared to other groups (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.285; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.030\u20131.603, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a04.95, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0261). No significant association was evident for any of the variants when active carriers were compared to cirrhosis\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Haplotype analysis showed that a combination of A\u2010T\u2010T\u2010G of rs12980275, rs8105790, rs8099917, and rs7248668, respectively, was associated with clearance of the virus (frequency\u00a0=\u00a067.5% and <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.015).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>genetic variations in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>28B gene region may influence the clearance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T01:57:30Z","timestamp":1381543050000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Genetic variation in interleukin 28B and correlation with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Saudi Arabian patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Al\u2010Qahtani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunity Research Center King Faisal Specialist Hospital &amp; Research Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Liver Disease Research Center King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mashael R.","family":"Al\u2010Anazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunity Research Center King Faisal Specialist Hospital &amp; Research Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayman A.","family":"Abdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Liver Disease Research Center King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faisal M.","family":"Sanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Sciences and Liver Transplantation King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Liver Disease Research Center King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waleed K.","family":"Al\u2010Hamoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Liver Disease Research Center King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid A.","family":"Alswat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Liver Disease Research Center King Saud University Riyadh Saudi 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