{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:43:12Z","timestamp":1775742192863,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,14]],"date-time":"2014-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Large population\u2010based studies are much needed to accurately establish the epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content>). We aimed to collect all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients in a geographically defined area to evaluate the epidemiology of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> and examine the possible association of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> with smoking, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy and number of pregnancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients between 2000 and 2008 were identified in a geographically defined area of the Netherlands, comprising 50% of the Dutch population. Four independent hospital databases were searched in 44 hospitals. Medical records were reviewed on site verifying diagnosis and for collection of clinical data. Age\u2010 and gender matched controls were recruited from the outpatient clinics of four participating hospitals. Patients and controls were asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding family history, previous and current smoking behaviour and fertility status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine hundred and ninety\u2010two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients fulfilled all inclusion criteria, resulting in a mean incidence of 1.1 per 100\u00a0000; 0.3 in men and 1.9 in women. On January 1st 2008 the point prevalence was 13.2 per 100\u00a0000 inhabitants. Incidence and prevalence rates were increasing over time (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). No geographical differences in disease distribution were observed. Smoking behaviour, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy, gravidity and number of children were not significantly different between cases and controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incidence and prevalence rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> are increasing over time. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> was not found to be associated with smoking, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy or number of pregnancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,6]],"date-time":"2014-01-06T07:56:40Z","timestamp":1388995000000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Rising incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis: a large population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Boonstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton E.","family":"Kunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Academic Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul H.","family":"Stadhouders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans A.","family":"Tuynman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medical Center Alkmaar Alkmaar the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Poen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Isala Clinics Zwolle the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin. 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J.","family":"van Nieuwkerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology VU Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen M.","family":"Witteman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00f6rte","family":"Hamann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Services Sanquin Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben J.","family":"Witteman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Gelderse Vallei Hospital Ede the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Beuers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyriel Y.","family":"Ponsioen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Epi PSC PBC study 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