{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T17:32:56Z","timestamp":1773509576581,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,7]],"date-time":"2014-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of Primary biliary cirrhosis varies in different geographical areas. This might reflect genetic or environmental risk factors. We aimed to define Primary biliary cirrhosis prevalence and incidence, describe patient's spatial distribution, generate prediction maps and detect any possible routing pattern of time\u2010spatial appearance of the disease in Crete, Greece.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 1990\u20132010, 245 Primary biliary cirrhosis patients diagnosed and followed up at the Gastroenterology Department of the University Hospital and the District Hospitals of the island, were contacted and 222 were included in the time\u2013spatial analysis. To map their spatial distribution per 5\u2010year periods, geospatial models were applied in Gis\u2013ArcMap 9.3 software. Kriging Interpolation methods were used to generate prediction maps for the disease in Crete. Areas of high and low probability of disease occurrence were estimated through multicriteria modelling. The disease route was defined by Gis\u2010ArcMap's toolbox.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence was found to be 365 cases per million, with a mean incidence of 20.88 (range 3.79\u201335.99). Prediction map estimates from 1.22 to 11 patients per 50\u00a0km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> all over Crete. Areas of high risk of disease occurrence are located in the Eastern part, while low risk in the Western part of the island.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence and incidence of Primary biliary cirrhosis in Crete are among the higher published in Europe. Given the homogeneous and stable study population and the geopolitics of the island, the heterogeneity in the time\u2010spatial distribution and the route of disease appearance strongly suggest a role for environmental causative agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]],"date-time":"2014-02-06T21:42:04Z","timestamp":1391722924000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Geoepidemiology and space\u2013time analysis of Primary biliary cirrhosis in Crete, Greece"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Koulentaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology University Hospital of Crete Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Mantaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology University Hospital of Crete Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Sifaki\u2010Pistolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Crete Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Thalassinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venizelion District General Hospital of Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Tzanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Crete Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Kouroumalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology &amp; 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