{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:07:51Z","timestamp":1767906471443,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]],"date-time":"2014-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> is a major cause of chronic liver disease in Egypt. The aim was to study the prevalence of photosensitivity among asymptomatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients and its possible relation to porphyrins levels and whether it can be considered an alarm for early diagnosis of the disease, which is the most important goal in the management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 100 accidentally discovered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> positive cases and 100 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> negative healthy controls. All patients and controls were subjected to: Detailed history and clinical examination, dermatological examination including evaluation of reaction to solar exposure, measurement of serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AST<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> ALT<\/jats:styled-content>, albumin, bilirubin, serum and urinary porphyrins levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of photosensitivity among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive cases (33%) was significantly higher compared to 10% in the control group. Serum porphyrins were positive in 46 cases (46%), twenty\u2010three cases (23%) had positive urinary porphyrins, while only four controls (4%) showed positive serum porphyrins and one (1%) showed positive urinary porphyrins, the difference was statistically significant. Cases with photosensitivity showed significantly higher prevalence of serum and urinary porphyrins existence as well as serum porphyrins levels. Levels of viraemia showed statistically significant relation to levels of porphyrins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Asymptomatic chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection cases showed significantly high prevalence of photosensitivity, which is related to the associated disturbance of porphyrins metabolism. Photosensitivity can thus be considered an early marker of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. Patients discovered to have recently acquired photosensitivity should be screened for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection especially in endemic areas like Egypt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,28]],"date-time":"2014-02-28T07:04:23Z","timestamp":1393571063000},"page":"1033-1039","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence of photosensitivity in chronic hepatitis <scp>C<\/scp> virus patients and its relation to serum and urinary porphyrins"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Serag","family":"Esmat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Elgendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samia","family":"Esmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman A.","family":"El\u2010Nabarawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara B.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olfat","family":"Shaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"S84","article-title":"International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis C. 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