{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:10:35Z","timestamp":1787317835172,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Infections are a leading cause of death in patients with advanced cirrhosis, but there are relatively few data on the epidemiology of infection in intensive care unit (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) patients with cirrhosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used data from the Extended Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) II 1\u2010day point\u2010prevalence study to better define the characteristics of infection in these patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared characteristics, including occurrence and types of infections in non\u2010cirrhotic and cirrhotic patients who had not undergone liver transplantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      II database includes 13\u00a0796 adult patients from 1265\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s: 410 of the patients had cirrhosis. The prevalence of infection was higher in cirrhotic than in non\u2010cirrhotic patients (59 vs. 51%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). The lungs were the most common site of infection in all patients, but abdominal infections were more common in cirrhotic than in non\u2010cirrhotic patients (30 vs. 19%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Infected cirrhotic patients more often had Gram\u2010positive (56 vs. 47%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) isolates than did infected non\u2010cirrhotic patients. Methicillin\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) was more frequent in cirrhotic patients. The hospital mortality rate of cirrhotic patients was 42%, compared to 24% in the non\u2010cirrhotic population (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Severe sepsis and septic shock were associated with higher in\u2010hospital mortality rates in cirrhotic than in non\u2010cirrhotic patients (41% and 71% vs. 30% and 49%, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Infection is more common in cirrhotic than in non\u2010cirrhotic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients and more commonly caused by Gram\u2010positive organisms, including\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Infection in patients with cirrhosis was associated with higher mortality rates than in non\u2010cirrhotic patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,7]],"date-time":"2014-03-07T08:41:07Z","timestamp":1394181667000},"page":"1496-1503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Impact of infection on the prognosis of critically ill cirrhotic patients: results from a large worldwide study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Thierry","family":"Gustot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatology Erasme Hospital Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Felleiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil Nottwil Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Pickkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Sakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Friedrich\u2010Schiller\u2010University Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Rello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Department Hospital Vall d'Hebron CIBERES Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Velissaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Erasme Hospital Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles Brussels 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