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We examined macrophage markers and polarization in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAT<\/jats:styled-content> of alcoholic patients and adipokine expression according to liver inflammation; we studied the consequences of alcohol withdrawal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010seven patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALD<\/jats:styled-content> were prospectively included. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAT<\/jats:styled-content> and blood samples were collected at inclusion and after 1\u00a0week of alcohol withdrawal. Pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines\/chemokines, inflammasome components and products, adipokine expression levels, macrophage markers and polarization in liver and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAT<\/jats:styled-content> samples were assessed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> arrays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression level of chemokines (IL8, semaphorin 7A) correlated with hepatic steatosis in both liver and SAT. Liver expression of inflammasome components (IL1\u03b2, IL18, caspase\u20101) and SAT IL6 and CCL2 correlated with liver damage. In patients with mild ALD, 1\u00a0week of alcohol withdrawal was sufficient to decrease expression level of total macrophage markers in the adipose tissue, to orient adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) towards an anti\u2010inflammatory M2 phenotype and to decrease the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of cytokines\/chemokines (IL18, CCL2, osteopontin, semaphorin 7A). In patients with severe ALD, 1\u00a0week of abstinence was also associated with an increase in CCL18 expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In alcoholic patients, upregulation of chemotactic factors in the liver and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAT<\/jats:styled-content> is an early event that begins as early as the steatosis stage. The inflammasome pathway is upregulated in the liver of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALD<\/jats:styled-content>. One week of alcohol withdrawal alleviates macrophage infiltration in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAT<\/jats:styled-content> and orients <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATM<\/jats:styled-content> towards a M2 anti\u2010inflammatory phenotype; this implicates alcohol in adipose tissue inflammation (ClinicalTrials.gov <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCT<\/jats:styled-content>00388323).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,25]],"date-time":"2014-04-25T17:24:03Z","timestamp":1398446643000},"page":"967-978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Alcohol withdrawal alleviates adipose tissue inflammation in patients with alcoholic liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Cosmin S.","family":"Voican","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U996 IPSIT Clamart F\u201092140 France"},{"name":"Univ Paris\u2010Sud Facult\u00e9 de 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