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This meta\u2010analysis was conducted to summarize the best available data on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>risk factors worldwide and in Egypt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through exhaustive literature searches (1989\u20132013) of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>risk factors, 357 original eligible articles were included in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The highest detected risk was intravenous drug users (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDU<\/jats:styled-content>s) (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a09.6) followed by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a04.9), having an<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDU<\/jats:styled-content>partner (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a04.1),<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a03.5), Caesarean section (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>) (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a03.35), blood transfusion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a03.2) and having an<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>+ partner (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a03). Organ transplantation, hospital admission, haemodialysis and having a sexually transmitted infection carry 2.96, 2.4, 2.18 and 2 risks of having<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>respectively. Other significant risk factors included poor education, older age, sharing sharp or blunt objects,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content>, tattooing, hijama, body piercing, minor operations and medical procedures. Some risks showed a decrease over the previous decade, including blood transfusion, organ transplantation,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDU<\/jats:styled-content>s,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDU<\/jats:styled-content>partner and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>. Others showed rising risks, including having an<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>+ partner,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content>and suffering from<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STI<\/jats:styled-content>. In Egypt, male gender, rural residence, acupuncture and receiving parenteral antischistosomal treatment were significant risks, while neither<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>nor<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>were found to carry a risk of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood transfusion, organ transplantation,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDU<\/jats:styled-content>s, haemodialysis, minor operations and medical procedures are established risk factors. Attention and urgent intervention should be given to the sexual route of transmission, as well as that through minor operations and medical procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T18:13:06Z","timestamp":1402596786000},"page":"489-501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["A comprehensive hepatitis C virus risk factors meta\u2010analysis (1989\u20132013); Do they differ in Egypt?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Engy Mohamed","family":"El\u2010Ghitany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Health Department High Institute of Public Health Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moataza M.","family":"Abdel Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Department High Institute of Public Health Alexandria University Alexandria 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