{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:37:54Z","timestamp":1791005874802,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]],"date-time":"2015-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ational Nature and Science Foundation of China","award":["30700712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30700712"]}]},{"name":"National 11th FIve-Year Special Grand Project for Infectious Diseases","award":["2008ZX10002-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008ZX10002-007"]}]},{"name":"National 12th FIve-Year Special Grand Project for Infectious Diseases","award":["2012ZX10002007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012ZX10002007"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Acute liver failure (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is a condition with high mortality and morbidity. Fibrosis in chronic liver disease was extensively researched, whereas fibrosis and underlying mechanism in acute liver failure remains unclear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hepatitis B virus related ALF patients were recruited to investigate if there was ongoing fibrosis by liver histology and liver stiffness measurement(LSM) analysis as well as fibrosis markers assay. Sera HMGB1 were kinetically detected in progression and remission stage of ALF. Hepatic stellate cell(HSC) activation by HMGB1 was explored by testing\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and protein level of \u03b1\u2010SMA and collagen 1a1 by using\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qPCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and western blot. Autophagy induction by HMGB1 was explored by LC3\u2010II conversion, autophagy flux and fluorescence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Firstly, ongoing fibrosis in progression stage of ALF was confirmed by histological analysis, LS measurement as well as fibrosis markers detection. HSC activation and autophagy induction in explanted liver tissue also revealed. Next, kinetic monitoring sera HMGB1 revealed elevated HMGB1 in progression stage of ALF vs HBsAg carrier, and drop back to base level in remission stage. Thirdly,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rHMGB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1 dose dependently activated HSCs, as indicated by increased\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and proteins level in \u03b1\u2010SMA and collagen 1a1. Moreover, autophagy was induced in HSC treated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rHMGB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1, as illustrated by increased LC3 lipidation, elevated autophagy flux and GFP\u2010LC3 puncta.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Acute liver failure is accompanied by ongoing fibrosis,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      activation and autophagy induction. Increased\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMGB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1 activates\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                      autophagy induction. Those findings integrate\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMGB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s activation, autophagy into a common framework that underlies the fibrosis in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T02:55:44Z","timestamp":1415760944000},"page":"1877-1885","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Mechanisms of fibrosis in acute liver failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Yingli","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"},{"name":"Institution of Hepatology First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Hepatology First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Hepatology First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Hepatology First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi province China"},{"name":"Department of Infectious 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