{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T02:17:06Z","timestamp":1768011426109,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT087537MA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT087537MA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cirrhosis is the main cause of portal hypertension worldwide but schistosomiasis dominates in much of the tropics. The seroprevalence of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>chistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> is up to 77% in endemic parts of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Z<\/jats:styled-content>ambia. Morbidity is attributed to portal hypertension causing variceal bleeding which can be fatal. Bacterial translocation is associated with portal hypertension in cirrhosis but this is almost unexplored in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Liver biopsy is usually used to assess fibrosis although it is invasive and prone to sampling error. We aimed to investigate translocation, fibrosis and inflammatory makers in a case\u2010control study of schistosomiasis at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>niversity <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>eaching <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ospital, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>usaka, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Z<\/jats:styled-content>ambia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients had oesophageal varices, but were negative for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> viruses. Plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein was used as a marker of translocation while hyaluronan and laminin measured liver fibrosis. Inflammatory markers were measured in blood. Controls were patients with non\u2010specific abdominal pain who had normal endoscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median (interquartile range) lipopolysaccharide binding protein was elevated in patients [44.3\u00a0ng\/ml (35.7, 57.1)] compared to controls [30.7\u00a0ng\/ml (30.4, 35.5), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001]. Hyaluronan was higher in patients [111.6\u00a0ng\/ml (39.1, 240.3)] compared to controls [21.0\u00a0ng\/ml (12.4, 37.6), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001] and so was laminin [2.2\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml (1.0, 3.7)] compared to controls [0.9\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml (0.7, 1.2), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0015]. Inflammatory markers, except <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010reactive protein, were elevated in patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data suggest that the bacterial translocation contributes to systemic inflammation in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Elevated fibrotic markers suggest they may be useful in diagnosing and monitoring periportal fibrosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,10]],"date-time":"2015-06-10T08:26:12Z","timestamp":1433924772000},"page":"145-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is characterised by high blood markers of translocation, inflammation and fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Edford","family":"Sinkala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University Teaching Hospital Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"Tropical Gastroenterology &amp; Nutrition Group Department of Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa C.","family":"Kapulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Gastroenterology &amp; Nutrition Group Department of Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"Biological Sciences Department School of Natural Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Besa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Gastroenterology &amp; Nutrition Group Department of Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanekwa","family":"Zyambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Gastroenterology &amp; Nutrition Group Department of Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ng'andu J.","family":"Chisoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Centre of Excellence Laboratory University Teaching Hospital Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham R.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blizard Institute Barts &amp; The London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University Teaching Hospital Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"Tropical Gastroenterology &amp; Nutrition Group Department of Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"Blizard Institute Barts &amp; The London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.11.3490-3498.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Schistosomiasis disease burden in Zambian children: time for affirmative action is now","volume":"36","author":"Chipeta J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med J Zambia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v81i9.9225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005501930808"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012396"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.03958.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2005.6.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Evaluation of fibrosis sero\u2010markers versus liver biopsy in Egyptian patients with hepatitis C and\/or NASH and\/or schistosomiasis","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed L","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol United J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762010000400020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762010000400018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2005.18090","article-title":"The pathogenesis of cytokines in preportal fibrosis of human infected with schistosomiasis and viral hepatitis","volume":"20","author":"Elgonimy AM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Egypt J Hosp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04746.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X11417037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01120.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"1389","article-title":"Kupffer cells are activated in cirrhotic portal hypertension and not normalised by TIPS","volume":"60","author":"Holland\u2010Fischer P","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762004000900009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032005000400006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24388"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)32186-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"385","article-title":"The natural history of bleeding oesophageal varices in patients with schistosomal portal hypertension","volume":"03","author":"Ibrahim SZ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Khartoum Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Bilharzial portal fibrosis: portal hypertension","volume":"60","author":"Carruthers H","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fliv.12891","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fliv.12891","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.12891","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T00:41:10Z","timestamp":1695516070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.12891"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.12891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.12891","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]]}}}