{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:37:26Z","timestamp":1774615046137,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,6]],"date-time":"2015-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["V101C-016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V101C-016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["101-X2-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101-X2-08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies concerning seasonal variations and the impact of air temperature on oesophageal variceal bleeding have yielded conflicting results. We aimed to explore the impact of air temperature on the occurrence of variceal bleeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2010crossover study design was employed, and two cohorts were used, including the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVB<\/jats:styled-content> cohort from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2010, and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVB<\/jats:styled-content> cohort from the Taipei Veterans General Hospital, from 4 May 2002 to 31 December 2010. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s) and 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 2542 cases from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVB<\/jats:styled-content> cohort and 220 cases from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVB<\/jats:styled-content> cohort were analysed. Our analysis showed that low air temperature (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAT<\/jats:styled-content>) increased the risk of variceal bleeding regardless of age, sex, decompensated cirrhosis, Child\u2010Pugh classification, aetiology of liver disease and concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma; the lag effect was also observed. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s per 5\u00b0C decrease in daily mean air temperature were 1.144 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.060\u20131.235) for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVB<\/jats:styled-content> cohort and 1.307 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.031\u20131.658) for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVB<\/jats:styled-content> cohort. Oesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with small varices, end\u2010stage liver disease score \u226715 or those using non\u2010selective beta blockers was not influenced by air temperature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients have higher risk of oesophageal variceal bleeding at low air temperature regardless of age, sex, aetiology of cirrhosis, Child\u2010Pugh classification, decompensated cirrhosis and concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma and can be protected by use non\u2010selective beta blockers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]],"date-time":"2015-08-03T11:53:31Z","timestamp":1438602811000},"page":"856-864","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Low air temperature increases the risk of oesophageal variceal bleeding: a population and hospital\u2010based case\u2010crossover study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Wen\u2010Chieh","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University School Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yung\u2010Tai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University School Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping\u2010Hsien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University School Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 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