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To further improve the understanding of these biomarkers we investigated plasma levels of the other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010binding chemokines and activity of the dipeptidyl peptidase <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPP<\/jats:styled-content>4, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>26) protease, which cleaves <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, in relation to treatment response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>African\u2010American and Caucasian <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype 1\u2010infected patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0401) were treated with peg<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBV<\/jats:styled-content> for 48\u00a0weeks (ViraHep\u2010C cohort). Pretreatment plasma levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIG<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>9), I\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>11) and the type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> interferon <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>29 were investigated by Luminex and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPP<\/jats:styled-content>4 activity by using a luciferase assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients achieving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVR<\/jats:styled-content> had higher baseline <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIG<\/jats:styled-content> plasma levels and lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPP<\/jats:styled-content>4 activity than non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVR<\/jats:styled-content> patients. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIG<\/jats:styled-content> was higher in Caucasians, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>28B<\/jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content> (rs1297860) genotype carriers and patients with higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALT<\/jats:styled-content> levels. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIG<\/jats:styled-content> correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVR<\/jats:styled-content> patients, but not in non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVR<\/jats:styled-content>s. A high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPP<\/jats:styled-content>4 activity correlated with higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 levels, while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPP<\/jats:styled-content>4 activity was not associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIG<\/jats:styled-content> or I\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAC<\/jats:styled-content> levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The associations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIG<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVR<\/jats:styled-content> status and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>28B<\/jats:italic> genotype imply that higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIG<\/jats:styled-content> plasma levels could reflect a beneficial immunological state for response to peg<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBV<\/jats:styled-content> treatment. The correlation between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIG<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 observed only in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVR<\/jats:styled-content> patients may contribute to a better treatment response, whereas this <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIG<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 balance might be disrupted in non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVR<\/jats:styled-content> patients because of the increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPP<\/jats:styled-content>4 cleavage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 into a dysfunctional form.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T15:28:39Z","timestamp":1438961319000},"page":"344-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["High <scp>MIG<\/scp> (<scp>CXCL<\/scp>9) plasma levels favours response to peginterferon and ribavirin in <scp>HCV<\/scp>\u2010infected patients regardless of <scp>DPP<\/scp>4 activity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0073-6355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Johansson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research and Development Beerse Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willem","family":"Talloen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research and Development Beerse 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