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In rare cases, severe hepatic injury with sudden loss of liver function may occur, which is clinically indicated by the occurrence of coagulopathy or encephalopathy. As the molecular mechanisms of this liver injury are largely unknown, we investigated extracellular micro <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> (mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>) profiles in 54 patients acutely infected with one of four different hepatotropic viruses, in order to identify those mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s which indicate severe viral hepatitis associated with coagulopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>First, the profile of mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s was extensively analysed using a microarray\u2010based approach in highly characterized 24 patients, matched in terms of sex, age and level of liver enzymes, as well as in three healthy controls. The cohort included samples from 18 patients with moderate and six individuals with severe hepatitis, indicated by abnormal prothrombin time and higher alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin levels. mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s found to be upregulated in severe hepatitis were then quantified by real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> in the expanded cohort of 54 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comprehensive microarray\u2010based mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> profiling identified upregulation of mir\u2010106a, mir\u2010122 and mir\u2010197 in patients with severe acute viral hepatitis with coagulopathy, as compared to patients who did not develop coagulopathy. mir\u2010106a, mir\u2010122 and mir\u2010197 were then proven to be significantly upregulated in patients with severe acute viral hepatitis by quantitative real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01, Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>mir\u2010106a, mir\u2010122 and mir\u2010197 could be potential markers for severe acute viral hepatitis associated with coagulopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]],"date-time":"2015-09-09T15:50:30Z","timestamp":1441813830000},"page":"353-360","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Micro <scp>RNA<\/scp>s mir\u2010106a, mir\u2010122 and mir\u2010197 are increased in severe acute viral hepatitis with coagulopathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Lukas","family":"Weseslindtner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Medical University of Vienna Vienna 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