{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:47:16Z","timestamp":1789192036265,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]],"date-time":"2016-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch Digestive Diseases Foundation","award":["WO#08-69"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WO#08-69"]}]},{"name":"Norwegian PSC Consortium"},{"name":"German Crohn's & Ulcerative Colitis Association"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background & Aims<\/jats:title>To better understand the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis, anti\u2010 and pro\u2010inflammatory factors were studied in bile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Ductal bile of PSC<\/jats:styled-content> patients (n<\/jats:italic> = 36) and controls (n<\/jats:italic> = 20) was collected by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Gallbladder bile was collected at liver transplantation. Bile samples were analysed for cytokines, FGF<\/jats:styled-content>19 and biliary lipids. Hepatobiliary tissues of PSC<\/jats:styled-content> and non\u2010PSC<\/jats:styled-content> patients (n<\/jats:italic> = 8\u201311 per patient group) were collected at transplantation and were analysed for IL<\/jats:styled-content>8<\/jats:italic> and FGF<\/jats:styled-content>19 <\/jats:italic>mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression and IL<\/jats:styled-content>8 localization. The effect of IL<\/jats:styled-content>8 on proliferation of primary human cholangiocytes and expression of pro\u2010fibrotic genes was studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In PSC<\/jats:styled-content> patients, median IL<\/jats:styled-content>8 in ductal bile was 6.6 ng\/ml vs. 0.24 ng\/ml in controls. Median IL<\/jats:styled-content>8 in gallbladder bile was 7.6 ng\/ml in PSC<\/jats:styled-content> vs. 2.2 and 0.3 ng\/ml in two control groups. IL<\/jats:styled-content>8 <\/jats:italic>mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> in PSC<\/jats:styled-content> gallbladder was increased and bile ducts stained positive for IL<\/jats:styled-content>8. In vitro, <\/jats:italic>IL<\/jats:styled-content>8 induced proliferation of primary human cholangiocytes and increased the expression of pro\u2010fibrotic genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Elevation of IL<\/jats:styled-content>8 in bile of PSC<\/jats:styled-content> patients, collected at different stages of disease, indicates an ongoing inflammatory stimulus that drives IL<\/jats:styled-content>8 production. This challenges the idea that advanced PSC<\/jats:styled-content> is a burned\u2010out disease, and calls for reconsideration of anti\u2010inflammatory therapy in PSC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]],"date-time":"2016-02-11T15:26:04Z","timestamp":1455204364000},"page":"1370-1377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Elevated interleukin\u20108 in bile of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Serge J.","family":"Zweers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Shiryaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Medicine Surgery and Transplantation Department of Transplantation Medicine Norwegian PSC Research Center Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Medicine Surgery and Transplantation Research Institute of Internal Medicine K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Komuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morphology and Molecular Pathology University Hospital Gasthuisberg KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette","family":"Vesterhus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Medicine Surgery and Transplantation Department of Transplantation Medicine Norwegian PSC Research Center Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes R.","family":"Hov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Medicine Surgery and Transplantation Department of Transplantation Medicine Norwegian PSC Research Center Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Medicine Surgery and Transplantation Research Institute of Internal Medicine K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology Department of Transplantation Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"Perugorria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver and Department of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU) CIBERehd Ikerbasque San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Rudi","family":"de Waart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung\u2010Chin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanna","family":"Tol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anje A.","family":"te Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter J.","family":"de Jonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus M.","family":"Banales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver and Department of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU) CIBERehd Ikerbasque San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Roskams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morphology and Molecular Pathology University Hospital Gasthuisberg KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Beuers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom H.","family":"Karlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Medicine Surgery and Transplantation Department of Transplantation Medicine Norwegian PSC Research Center Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Medicine Surgery and Transplantation Research Institute of Internal Medicine K.G. 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