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Prospective studies are needed to assess its causal temporality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort of 21\u00a0559 adults enrolled from seven townships in Taiwan during 1991\u20131992 and followed till the end of 2010. Incident diabetes over a study time period from 2000 to 2010 was ascertained through computerized linkage with the National Health Insurance database and the National Death Certification profiles. Cox's proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>s) with 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s). Antibodies against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> (anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) were tested for all participants, and serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels were measured for anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> seropositives.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During 180\u00a0244 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up, there were 1917 incident diabetes cases recorded. The cumulative risk for diabetes was 10.9% for anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> seronegatives and 16.7% for anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> seropositives respectively. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> for diabetes of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> seropositivity was 1.53 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.29\u20131.81) compared with anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> seronegatives after adjustment for risk predictors. The adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>s were 1.63 (1.31\u20132.02) for anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> seropositives with positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> compared to anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> seronegatives (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection was associated with an increased risk for diabetes after adjustment for other risk predictors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T08:53:08Z","timestamp":1467363188000},"page":"179-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and the risk for diabetes: a community\u2010based prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Yu\u2010Ju","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzun\u2010Wen G.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwai\u2010I","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng\u2010Nan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Chang Gung University School of Medicine  Kaohsiung 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