{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:14:06Z","timestamp":1787015646407,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]],"date-time":"2017-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Primary biliary cholangitis (formerly primary biliary cirrhosis) is a rare progressive cholestatic liver disease, whose hallmark features include a persistently elevated alkaline phosphatase level, presence of anti\u2010mitochondrial antibodies and characteristic histology. Since 1998, ursodeoxycholic acid (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UDCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), a bile acid, has been the only available therapeutic agent. Primary biliary cholangitis is associated with the development of end\u2010stage liver disease, increased morbidity and mortality.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UDCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    has been shown to improve serum biochemistries, histology and delay the need for liver transplantation. The clinical issue is that approximately 25%\u201040% of patients do not respond to this standard therapy. In recent years, many trials have investigated alternative and adjunctive treatments, leading to the recent approval of obeticholic acid, an analogue of chenodeoxycholic acid, which has shown significant and sustained reductions in alkaline phosphatase levels in combination with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UDCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Obeticholic acid has rapidly been embraced as a new agent to improve the biochemical profile in refractory patients, in addition to being approved for use as monotherapy in patients who cannot tolerate\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UDCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . There are several other studies and targets which are being investigated. This review is intended to highlight the benefits of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UDCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , educate the reader on the newly available obeticholic acid, and to summarize the many ongoing trials and therapeutic targets being investigated in attempts to control and cure primary biliary cholangitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]],"date-time":"2017-03-30T06:00:30Z","timestamp":1490853630000},"page":"490-499","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Old and new treatments for primary biliary cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Chascsa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic  Phoenix AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth 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