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Thus, therapy must be administered long\u2010term and it will not completely eliminate infection because of the persistent hepatitis B virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) minichromosome in infected cells, and cannot completely abolish the risk of developing severe sequelae such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent progress in the development of in vitro and in vivo models of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection have helped renew interest in the investigation of the viral life cycle, as well as specific virus\u2013host cell interactions to identify new targets for the development of new antiviral drugs. This includes either direct inhibition of viral replication by targeting fundamental steps such as entry, ccc<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> formation\/stability, viral transcripts, capsid assembly and secretion or the manipulation of the host immune system for better defence against infection. Multiple strategies are currently under investigation, including boosting endogenous innate responses and\/or restoring adaptive immunity via engineering of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific T cells or via the use of inhibitors of negative regulators, as well as therapeutic vaccines. It is increasingly clear that multiple therapeutic strategies must be combined to reach a cure of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> and that the definition of clinical, virological and immunological correlates for the management of treatment are urgently needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T04:15:37Z","timestamp":1484280937000},"page":"33-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Novel targets for hepatitis B virus therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Testoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1052  Lyon France"},{"name":"Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL)  Lyon France"},{"name":"UMR_S1052 University of Lyon UCBL  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Durantel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, 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