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Systemic inflammation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content>) is a major driver of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content>. The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content> in hepatitis B\u2010precipitated\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content>), which may be distinct from No\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two cohorts of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHB<\/jats:styled-content> were enrolled in two tertiary hospitals. The associations between circulating leucocyte counts\/subsets and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> progression and prognoses were analysed in Cohort A. Cytokine measurements, leucocyte phenotyping and whole blood transcriptomic analyses were performed using peripheral blood samples obtained from patients in Cohort B.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Circulating leucocyte counts were higher in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> patients than in the No\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Peripheral neutrophilic leucocytosis and monocytosis were associated with lymphopenia. The neutrophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLR<\/jats:styled-content>) and monocyte\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLR<\/jats:styled-content>) were correlated with risk of death in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHB<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLR<\/jats:styled-content> independently predicted progression to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> in patients without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> at enrolment and short\u2010term mortality in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, G\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> levels were higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). Blood transcriptome analyses showed that genes associated with cell migration and mobility and responses to wounding and bacteria were expressed at higher levels while genes involved in lymphocyte\u2010mediated immunity were expressed at lower levels in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> patients than in No\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic inflammation in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> was characterized by an excessive innate immune response, which was associated with disease progression and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,24]],"date-time":"2017-06-24T13:44:35Z","timestamp":1498311875000},"page":"248-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Characteristics of systemic inflammation in hepatitis B\u2010precipitated <scp>ACLF<\/scp>: Differentiate it from No\u2010<scp>ACLF<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huadong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology School of Medicine Ningbo University  Ningbo 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